Housing
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Housing, or more generally, living spaces, refers to the construction and assigned usage of houses or buildings individually or collectively, for the purpose of shelter. Housing is a basic human need, and it plays a critical role in shaping the quality of life for individuals, families, and communities. [1]
Overview
Housing ensures that members of society have a place to live, whether it is a home or some kind of physical structure for dwelling, lodging or shelter and it includes a range of options from apartments and houses to temporary shelters and emergency accommodations.[2] Access to safe, affordable, and stable housing is essential for a person's health, safety, and well-being. Housing can also impact a person's economic, social, and cultural opportunities, as it influences their access to education, employment, healthcare, and social networks. In many countries, housing policies and programs have been developed to address issues related to affordability, quality, and availability, and to ensure that everyone has access to decent housing. Some have one or more housing authorities, sometimes also called a housing ministry or housing department.
In general there are two types of housing, market housing and non-market housing. While market housing consists of apartments, condominiums, private housing, etc. Non-market housing consists of
History
The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (April 2023) |
United States of America
In the United States, it was not until the 19th and 20th century that there was a lot more government involvement in housing. It was mainly aimed at helping those who were poor in the community.
With regards to the history of housing, there are studies that prove that the involvement of the government began in 1937, and it was "under the
From that time until now, public housing has been increasing. In the 1980s, there were many public housing individuals and tenants who lived in many different areas, particularly those areas that were segregated. Some years later, a new program was created, and it caused many people to be relocated. This is similar to what we have today, where people are repositioned. Back then, the program was called Hope VI.[7]
Moving forward to the 2000s, the problem of finding affordable housing started to increase, leading
Macroeconomy and housing price
Previous research has shown that housing price is affected by the
Effect on health
Housing is recognized as a social determinant of health. Lack of housing or poor-quality housing can negatively affect an individual's physical and mental health. Housing attributes that negatively affect physical health include dampness, mold, inadequate heating, and overcrowding. Mental health is also affected by inadequate heating, overcrowding, dampness, and mold, as well as lack of personal space.[14] Instability in housing can negatively affect mental health.[15] Housing can affect the health of children through exposure to asthma triggers or lead, and through injuries due to structural deficiencies (e.g. lack of window guards or radiator covers).[16]
See also
- Affordable housing
- Category:Housing ministries
- Housing association; there are many articles on specific named housing associations
- Housing estate
- Housing First
- Housing in the United Kingdom
- Housing in Japan
- Informal housing
- Informal sector
- List of housing statutes
- List of human habitation forms
- Right to housing
- Subsidized housing
- US Federal Housing Administration
References
- ^ "housing". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Gwendolyn Wright, Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America (MIT press, 1983)
- ISBN 978-1-60750-035-3.
- ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering; Division, Health and Medicine; Practice, Board on Population Health and Public Health; Affairs, Policy and Global; Program, Science and Technology for Sustainability; Individuals, Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless (2018-07-11), "The History of Homelessness in the United States", Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness, National Academies Press (US), retrieved 2023-05-26
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has generic name (help) - ^ "Public Housing". HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ a b Pappas, Allison (2013-02-04). "The History of Public Housing: Started over 70 Years Ago, yet Still Evolving…". SWHELPER. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ "Public Housing History". National Low Income Housing Coalition. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ "HUD's Public Housing Program". HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ "THE 2000 -2009 | HUD USER". www. hud user. gov. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ "An Agenda for the Future of Public Housing". Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ Schaeffer, Katherine. "A growing share of Americans say affordable housing is a major problem where they live". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- doi:10.5089/9781451929980.026.A001 (inactive 31 January 2024).)
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link - ^
Li, R.Y.M. (2018). "Have Housing Prices Gone with the Smelly Wind? Big Data Analysis on Landfill in Hong Kong". Sustainability. 10 (2): 341. S2CID 158813714.
- PMID 32689966.
- S2CID 246614891.
- PMID 31874071.
External links
The dictionary definition of housing at Wiktionary
- Media related to Housing at Wikimedia Commons
- Media related to Housing at Wikimedia Commons house for sale in toronot
- Shadwell, Arthur (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). pp. 814–827.