Huancayo

Coordinates: 12°4′S 75°13′W / 12.067°S 75.217°W / -12.067; -75.217
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Huancayo
Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo
Holy Trinity of Huancayo
Plaza Constitución, Cathedral of Huancayo, Real Plaza Huancayo, Wanka Identity Park, Administration and Government Pavilion of the National University of the Center of Peru and Panoramic.
UTC-5 (PET)
Area code64
Websitewww.munihuancayo.gob.pe

Huancayo (Spanish pronunciation:

Junín Region, in the central highlands of Peru, in the Mantaro Valley. It was founded as a reduction by the name Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo on 1 June 1572, by Don Jerónimo de Silva, a Spanish conquistador.[2]

The Huanca people largely inhabited the area even before the Inca Empire.[3] They allied with the Spanish, notably Francisco Pizarro, to overthrow and conquest the Inca Empire.[4]

Geography

La Inmaculada church
La Merced church
Huancayo Cathedral

Huancayo is located in the

fifth most populous city of the country. Huancayo is the cultural and commercial center of the whole central Peruvian Andes area. Huancayo Metropolitano is made up of seven districts that form the urban center of the Junín region. This region is considered central Peru's economic and social hub.[5]

Climate

Huancayo has a

characterized by mild days, cold nights, and distinct wet and dry seasons.

The total annual precipitation is 660 millimeters (26.0 inches). Huancayo receives the majority of its precipitation during the wet season, which spans from November to March. The dry season, from May to September, sees significantly reduced precipitation, with June and July being the driest months, receiving only around 5 mm of precipitation.[7]

Daytime temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year, with all months having average high temperatures close to 20 °C (68 °F). The dry season has significantly colder nights than the wet season, with temperatures regularly dropping to freezing, while low temperatures average above 6 °C (43 °F) during the wet season.[7]

Climate data for Huancayo (Santa Ana Experimental Agrarian Station) (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9)
19.0
(66.2)
18.9
(66.0)
19.9
(67.8)
21.0
(69.8)
20.5
(68.9)
20.4
(68.7)
20.8
(69.4)
20.7
(69.3)
20.8
(69.4)
21.4
(70.5)
20.0
(68.0)
20.2
(68.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7)
6.7
(44.1)
6.4
(43.5)
4.5
(40.1)
2.1
(35.8)
0.1
(32.2)
−0.4
(31.3)
1.2
(34.2)
3.7
(38.7)
5.2
(41.4)
5.4
(41.7)
6.3
(43.3)
4.0
(39.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 107.4
(4.23)
120.7
(4.75)
96.2
(3.79)
47.0
(1.85)
12.5
(0.49)
5.4
(0.21)
5.5
(0.22)
11.1
(0.44)
30.4
(1.20)
53.9
(2.12)
67.0
(2.64)
103.3
(4.07)
660.4
(26.00)
Source: NOAA[7]

History

Pre-Columbian era

The area was originally inhabited by the

Inca empire. It subsequently became a notable stopping point along the Inca Camino Real
.

Colonial era

After the Spanish colonization in 1534, Huancayo was overshadowed by Jauja, a provisional capital of Peru, until Lima took over that role, as established by the conquistador Francisco Pizarro. In 1570, the

Francisco de Toledo established the site as the center of his encomienda Guancayo. The town was officially established on 1 June 1572 with the title of Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo. In 1813, Huancayo celebrated the promulgation of the Constitution of Cadiz
, changing the name of "Plaza del Comercio" to "Plaza de la Constitución".

Republican era

During the war for independence, Huancayo was liberated on 20 November 1820. Construction on the cathedral commenced in 1831. The accord was made law in Huancayo in 1854, when Peru officially ended slavery. There is a statue in the Plaza Constitución commemorating this.

Recent situation

Today, in addition to its importance as a center of commerce, Huancayo is known for the crafts and the many festivals of the surrounding towns. Having rapidly expanded in recent decades, it has few remaining colonial buildings. Currently, the cityscape is dominated by modern construction.

The city's rise began with the construction of a central railway Callao-La Oroya in 1908 and later extended from Lima to Huancayo in the early 1930s. The railway connection between Lima and Huancayo, introduced new ways of transporting goods. The railway's new avenues for transport contributed to the city's economic and population growth. Population growth was mostly present in Tambo and Chilica, two suburban districts near the highways.[5] Furthermore, population growth between 1981 and 2007 was a result of in-migration due to terrorist attacks of Sendero Luminoso. People from highlands and amazonian lowlands sought refuge in Andean cities such as Huancayo.[citation needed]

Demographics

According to the National Census of 2007,

European
descendants are important minority groups.

Municipalities of
the city
Area
km2
Population
censo 2007(hab)
Population under 1 year-old
Census 2007(hab)
Households
(2007)
Density
(inhabitants/km2)
Elevation
msnm
Chilca 8,3 km2 77.392* 1.358* 17.509 9.324,33 3.275 msnm
El Tambo 73,56 km2 146.847* 2.365* 36.982 1.996,28 3.260 msnm
Huancayo 237,55 km2 112.054* 1,789* 27.552 471,70 3.249 msnm
Total 319,41 km2 336.293* 5.512* 82.043 1.052,85
*Data from the census taken by the
INEI[9]

Transport

Huancayo has transportation connections by road and rail. The

Metro Wanka) to use the railway line as a local metro; however, this never came to fruition.[11]

Education

Local universities

Branches of other Peruvian universities

Language institutes

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012-2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  2. ^ "1 de Junio: Fundación de la ciudad de Huancayo". noticias.laiglesiadejesucristo.org (in Spanish). 1 June 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  3. .
  4. ^ Cartwright, Mark (4 May 2014). "Wanka Civilization". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  5. ^ .
  6. ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data. 23 October 2023.
  7. ^ a b c "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 – Santa Ana". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  8. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, Perfil Sociodemográfico del Perú Archived 14 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine pp. 29–30, 32, 34.
  9. ^ Censo 2005 INEI Archived 23 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Trains, March 2009, p68
  11. ^ "Proyecto del Metro Wanka se queda sin vagones". Diario Correo (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 October 2017.

External links