Hudson River Park

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Hudson River Park
Tribeca pedestrian section
Map
TypeUrban park
Riverfront park
Estuarine sanctuary
LocationBetween Battery Place and West 59th Street
West Side, Manhattan, New York City
Area550 acres (220 ha)
OpenedJuly 23, 1998 (1998-07-23)
Operated byState of New York
City of New York
Hudson River Park Trust
Visitors17 million (in 2015)[1]
StatusOpen
Hiking trails4 miles (6.4 km)
Websitewww.hudsonriverpark.org

Hudson River Park is a waterfront park on the

borough of Manhattan. The park, a component of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway, stretches 4.5 miles (7.2 km) and comprises 550 acres (220 ha),[2] making it the second-largest park in Manhattan after the 843-acre (341 ha) Central Park
.

Hudson River Park is a joint

Westway plan, which had proposed an interstate highway to replace the deteriorated West Side Elevated Highway. The park was established in 1998 and was built in several stages in conjunction with the construction of the surface-level West Side Highway
. Additional phases were completed between the 2000s and the 2020s.

Hudson River Park connects many other recreational sites and landmarks. It runs through the Manhattan neighborhoods of

Hudson Yards and Hell's Kitchen/Clinton). The park connects two other waterfront parks: Riverside Park to the north and The Battery
to the south.

Bicycle and pedestrian paths, spanning the park north to south, open up the waterfront for recreational use. The park includes tennis and soccer fields,

North River piers
along its length, formerly used for shipping.

Management

The Hudson River Park Trust is a partnership between New York State and New York City charged with the design, construction and operation of the four-mile Hudson River Park. The trust operates on a premise of financial self-sufficiency, supporting the staff as well as the operations and maintenance of the park through revenue generated within the park by rents from commercial tenants, fees, concession revenues, grants and donations. Capital funding has historically come primarily from the state, the city, and Federal budget appropriations. The trust is guided by a thirteen-member Board of Directors. There is also a fifty-member Advisory Council which plays an integral role in the park planning process.[3] The management team is headed by Noreen Doyle,[4] President and CEO.[5] In 2017, the trust had operating expenses of $31.38 million and a level of staffing of 117 people.[6]

History

Land use

Looking east across lower Manhattan, from the middle of the Hudson River just north of Christopher Street in the West Village, c. 1932-1933

Prior to colonization of

Gansevoort Street and Washington Street.[7][8] It was probably a hunting and fishing site, and Native Americans probably used the oyster reefs on the shore as well; the newly settled Europeans also began using these reefs.[7]

Later, oyster

industrialization.[7]

In 1807, the first

sinking of the Titanic rescued by the Carpathia in 1912,[7] as well as being the departure point for the ill-fated Lusitania
, which was sunk by a German U-boat in 1915.

By the late 19th century, the Slaughterhouse District was created along the Hudson River shoreline in present-day

12th Avenues was called Abattoir Place until the early 20th century.[9] In the 1870s, tunnels to herd cattle under 12th Avenue were created at 34th and 38th Streets. The cattle industry in this area continued through the 1960s.[7]

Conception and construction

See also: Westway

What is now Hudson River Park emerged from the failed 1970s and 1980s

I-478), the Holland Tunnel (I-78), and the Lincoln Tunnel (then I-495). The right-of-way of the new six-lane highway would have demolished the then-existing West Side piers and replaced them with 220 acres (89 ha) of landfill, through which the new highway would have tunneled.[10] In addition to 100 acres (40 ha) of development, the plan also had provisions for 98 acres (40 ha) of continuous parkland to be laid on top of the highway, including four waterside parks and a three-mile-long (4.8 km) tree-lined promenade and bike path on the waterfront. Around 90% of the funds for the project were to come from federal aid.[11][12] The project was abandoned on September 19, 1985, due to political as well as environmental objections, particularly concerns in Congress over excessive cost as well as concerns by federal courts over the Hudson River striped bass habitat.[13] Much of the estimated $2 billion in federal funds allocated for the Westway was diverted to mass transit.[14][15][16] Plans for the park still persisted, with $265 million of the park's proposed $500 million cost having been secured by 1990. The park would be built on all of the land not occupied by the future West Side Highway, as well as the remaining piers.[17]

During the 1980s and 1990s, there were plans to redevelop many of the old piers as parkland.

Javits Center, Chelsea Piers, and Pier 40 as key locations for commercial development that would support the park. The 1992 memorandum also created the Hudson River Park Corporation, quickly renamed the Hudson River Park Conservancy, a government agency composed of members appointed by the governor and mayor.[14][19]

Construction of the Chelsea Piers complex began in July 1994, opening in stages beginning in May 1995.

Battery Park to 35th Street) and the city (the northern half, from 35th Street to 59th). Both halves were leased to the joint entity now known as the Hudson River Park Trust. The plan also guaranteed that half of two commercial locations, Piers 40 and 76, and all of pier 84, would be reserved for parkland.[22][23] The park was initially expected to be completed by 2003, with construction costs estimated at $300 million.[24] The first complete section of the park started construction in 1998 and opened in 2003 in Greenwich Village.[12][16][25][26]

Afterward, construction stalled, and much of the park remained incomplete.[16] Clinton Cove opened in 2005, and Piers 66 and 84 opened the next year.[27] Half of the park was complete by 2009,[26] and as of 2015, seventy percent of the park has been finished, at a cost of nearly $500 million.[24]

2010s and 2020s

Parts of the Hudson River Park remained without power in the months after

cruise ships in the park. Finally, the bill allowed the park to sell air rights across the street from the park, specifically St. John's Terminal across from Pier 40. In addition, Pier 40, which would have garnered large profits for the park, would cost more than $100 million to renovate.[24][29]

In 2014, the Hudson River Park Trust planned a river-ecology research center at Pier 26 in Tribeca, to be run by Clarkson University.

Pier 54 project (see § Notable piers), Andrew Cuomo agreed to complete the remaining 30% of the park.[31]

Pier 76 open in June 2021

The state's first memorial to the

Gansevoort Peninsula opened in the West Village in late 2023.[39][40] By then, the park attracted 17 million annual visitors and had spurred commercial development along the West Side, including the IAC Building and a redevelopment of St. John's Terminal.[18]

Description and amenities

Hudson River Park is a 550-acre waterfront public park located along over miles on the west side of Manhattan.[41]

Recreation

Three visitors sunning in the park

Recreational facilities of many kinds are located throughout Hudson River Park, catering to organized and individual sports, leisure activities, and activities for children. A defining physical feature of Hudson River Park is the five-mile (8.0 km) bike and running path that runs the park's length, connecting northward to

Battery Park. Constructed by the State Department of Transportation, it is "the busiest bikeway in America" according to the Park Trust.[1][42]

Scattered throughout the park are numerous fields and courts, such as

skate park at West 30th Street.[42][47]

The largest sporting complex in Hudson River Park is the Chelsea Piers Sports and Entertainment Complex, which holds a variety of athletic spaces. Chelsea Piers sports a batting cage, bowling lanes, playing fields, a driving range, an ice skating rink, rock climbing facilities, and gymnastics space, among other exercise and fitness related spaces. Along with these indoor recreational facilities, Chelsea Piers offers boating activities and several restaurants on premises.[21]

Hudson River Park at 46th Street

Hudson River Park offers opportunities for

life vests.[26][46][48]

Abundant open grassy areas in the park permit non-athletic leisure activity.

Suntanning is a popular pastime in many areas.[26][47] Clinton Cove (55th Street), Pier 84 (44th Street),[46]
the 14th Street Park, and Pier 45 are all wide unobstructed green spaces for sunbathing, and are popular locations.

Structures

Points of interest along the park's route include:

Notable piers

See also: North River piers
Hudson River Park with Empire State Building in the background

Pier 25 is a sports and docking facility at the foot of North Moore Street and part of Hudson River Park featuring the Mauro Memorial mini golf course.[50] The museum ship USCGC Lilac, the last steam-powered vessel in the Coast Guard fleet, is moored there.[51]

Pier 26 was rebuilt from 2008 to 2009. A new park, designed by OLIN and Rafael Viñoly,[52] opened in October 2020.[53]

Pier 34 is located at Canal Street and consists of two narrow walkways or "finger piers".[54] At the end of the pier is a ventilation shaft for the Holland Tunnel, a five-story, 122-foot-tall (37 m) building with a trapezoidal footprint.[55][56]

$6 million in operating revenue and 40% of the entire park's annual operating budget.[60][61]

The term "Christopher Street Pier" usually refers specifically to Pier 45 opposite West 10th Street in Greenwich Village. However, it refers to three other piers as well, between Piers 42–51.[62] Pier 51 houses a water-themed playground, part of Hudson River Park.[63]

Day's End, a ghostly exoskeletal architectural outline of a pier by David Hammons,[66] and a public beach.[67] Gansevoort Peninsula opened on October 2, 2023, with a 1,200-short-ton (1,100-long-ton) beach,[64][40] sports field, sunning lawn, promenades, two dog runs, a picnic area, fitness equipment, and a beachfront landing for non-motorized boats.[39][40]

At the site of

Heatherwick Studio and costing between $130 million[68] and $160 million.[69] The park, a partnership between Barry Diller and Diane von Fürstenberg's foundation, the city and state, and Hudson River Park Trust, would float completely above the water.[24][70] Plans for the pier were scrapped in September 2017 due to cost overruns and lawsuits, as the budget had gone over $200 million by then.[71] The project was revived in October 2017 as part of an agreement to finish the park.[31]

2004 Republican National Convention protests, the New York City Police Department used Pier 57 as a makeshift jail to hold people arrested during protests related to the convention. The holding pens were dubbed "Guantanamo on the Hudson" by activists and in the media. Various lawsuits were filed against the city related to conditions at the site and allegedly illegal arrests, including those of bystanders.[75] Plans created in 2009 call for an improved pier design for commercial use, dubbed the SuperPier,[76] which was slated to be completed in 2019.[77]

Piers 59–62 are used as

RMS Titanic.[20] The Chelsea Piers Sports & Entertainment Complex opened at the site in 1995.[78]

railroad barge on the Hudson River to Pier 63.[82] A restaurant was opened on the pier. The lightship Frying Pan and the fire vessel John J. Harvey were also originally moored to Pier 63,[83] with both listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[84] In 2007, the barge was moved to Pier 66 on 26th Street.[85]

26th Street and is used for sailing and paddle sports.[86][87]

Pier 76 has four temporary pickleball courts, which opened in November 2023.[88]

Pier 79 is the West Midtown Ferry Terminal used by NY Waterway, while Pier 83 is used by Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises. The two companies played a prominent role in the rescue of passengers from US Airways Flight 1549, which made an emergency water landing on the Hudson in January 2009.[89] Pier 79 connects to an Art Deco style ventilation shaft for the Lincoln Tunnel.[90]: 59 

Pier 84

Pier 84 is on 12th Avenue and

44th Street. From 1981 until 1988, it served as a concert venue from the former Schaefer Music Festival. Headline acts such as The Clash, Frank Zappa, King Crimson, and Hot Tuna performed on the pier. Opened under Hudson River Park in 2006, it is the largest public pier in the park.[46] The pier also houses a water-themed playground, part of Hudson River Park.[46][91] In addition, Pier 84 is a stop for New York Water Taxi and has a bicycle rental shop and other businesses serving primarily tourists.[46]

Pier 86 at West 46th Street is home to the

Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum,[92] the centerpiece of which is the USS Intrepid, an aircraft carrier that served from World War II to the Vietnam War.[92][93] This pier once served as the passenger ship terminal for the United States Lines.[94]

Piers 88–92 are part of the

soundstage complex on the site, with six soundstages; the complex is planned to be completed by 2025 at a cost of $350 million.[98][99]

Pier 97 was until 1975 the home of the Swedish American Line passenger ship terminal.[100] The terminal was demolished some time after 1984 and the pier became to a live event venue, JBL.[101] In 2019, a public park was announced on Pier 97 as part of a $38 million renovation;[102][103] the park was designed by !melk Architects.[104][105] Parts of the park first opened in early 2024.[102]

Incidents

2017 terror attack in Hudson River Park
Permanent safety bollards protect Hudson River Park's bike path following a series of deadly incidents.[106]

On June 23, 2006, a New York City Police Department truck turned onto the bike lane, hitting a cyclist, who later died due to injuries.[107][108][109] On December 3, 2006, in the second fatal incident on the bike lane that year, a drunken driver drove on the bike lane south from Chelsea Piers before fatally hitting a cyclist near Clarkson Street, more than a mile away.[109][110] At the time, it was noted that there were no protective barriers on the path, only three-inch-thick flexible bollards.[110] The bike path was also criticized for generally bad design after several other deadly incidents, including a drunk-driving fatality at Chambers Street.[109][111] After these deaths, Transportation Alternatives pushed for stronger bollards for several years, but the only fixes made to the path were clearer road markings.[112]

On October 31, 2017, 29-year-old Uzbek immigrant Sayfullo Habibullaevich Saipov intentionally

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant terror group.[113] After the attack, several media sources wrote about how easy it was to drive down the bike lane, either by accident or on purpose, referencing the lack of bollards and the previous fatalities caused by drivers on the bike path.[109][117] City and state officials also worked on ways to improve the bike lane's safety measures,[112][118] and two days after the attack, the city started placing temporary concrete barriers on the path.[119] Permanent safety bollards were installed starting in July 2018.[106][120]

See also

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