Hugh Carey
Hugh Carey | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 51st Governor of New York | |
| In office January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1982 | |
| Lieutenant |
|
| Preceded by | Malcolm Wilson |
| Succeeded by | Mario Cuomo |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York | |
| In office January 3, 1961 – December 31, 1974 | |
| Preceded by | Francis E. Dorn |
| Succeeded by | Leo C. Zeferetti |
| Constituency | 12th district (1961–1963) 15th district (1963–1974) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Hugh Leo Carey April 11, 1919 Shelter Island, New York, U.S. |
| Resting place | Our Lady of the Isle Cemetery Dering Harbor, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | Helen Owen
(m. 1947; died 1974)Evangeline Gouletas
(m. 1981; div. 1989) |
| Children | 14, including Paul |
| Relatives | Edward M. Carey (brother) Martin T. Carey (brother) |
| Education | St. John's University (BA, JD) |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service | |
| Years of service | 1939–1946 |
| Rank |  Colonel |
| Unit | 101st Cavalry Regiment 415 Infantry Regiment 104th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | World War II • European Theatre |
| Awards |  Croix de Guerre Bronze Star Medal |
Hugh Leo Carey (April 11, 1919 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and attorney of the Democratic Party who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1974 and as the 51st governor of New York from 1975 to 1982.
Early life
Carey was born in New York City, the son of Margaret (
Education and military service
In 1939, Carey enlisted in the New York National Guard as a private in C Squadron, 101st Cavalry. Later, he served as a major in the 104th Infantry Division, known as the "Timberwolves". He served in the
He received his B.A. from
Career
Carey was a partner in the law firm of
U.S. House of Representatives
In 1960, running as a
In 1966, he was appointed Chairman of the Ad hoc Subcommittee on the Handicapped by Adam Clayton Powell, then Chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee. The sub-committee held hearings in Washington and New York City and Carey introduced HR 14. The "Carey Bill" provided, for the first time, a program of grants to the states for "initiating, expanding or improving education for children with disabilities. It also included other titles mirroring the structure of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, PL 89–10, which Carey had assisted Powell in passing as part of the Lyndon Baines Johnson initiative.
Three parts of the Bill were picked up by the Senate: the grants to states, a new Bureau of Education for the Handicapped in the U.S. Office of Education and a National Advisory Committee. Carey's friend and mentor, John Fogerty of Rhode Island, the powerful Chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee which provided funding for all Health, Education and Welfare programs, backed his legislation. The bill became Title VI of the ESEA, as Public Law 89-750, in 1966. Carey also sponsored and saw passed that year The Model Secondary School for the Deaf Bill, to be established on the campus of the world's only liberal arts college for the deaf. In 1965, he and Fogerty had sponsored The National Technical Institute for the Deaf, which was awarded to the Rochester Institute of Technology.
The Carey Bill and its grant program to the states began with a $2.5 million appropriation, to provide each state with $50,000 to plan for its implementation. The second year, the appropriation was $12.25 million, distributed to the states in proportion to their population. In 1975 Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Bill, PL 94-142 which today distributes approximately $11 billion to the states for this purpose.[9]
He served on the
City politics
In 1969 Carey ran briefly for the Democratic nomination for Mayor. He then agreed to run for City Council President on the ticket led by former Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. Carey narrowly lost the primary to incumbent City Council President Francis X. Smith. Then he briefly mounted an independent bid for Mayor, from which he withdrew after the death of his two eldest sons in a car accident.[10]
Governor of New York
In the
Carey is best remembered for his successful handling of New York City's economic crisis in the mid-1970s. Carey came into office with New York City close to bankruptcy and is credited with bringing business and labor together to help save New York City from the fiscal crisis. Carey managed to keep the growth of state spending below the rate of inflation through his frequent use of line-item vetoes and fights with the
Upon taking office, Carey cut taxes significantly, reducing corporate taxes from 14% to 10%, and capping personal income tax at 9%, and reducing capital gains taxes as well. His administration also offered tax credits to encourage new investment.
Carey signed the Willowbrook Consent Decree,
Carey's tenure in office was marked by a growing awareness of the environmental consequences of New York's strong industrial base, including the designation by the federal government of the Love Canal disaster area. Carey made environmental issues a priority of his administration.
Along with Senators Edward Kennedy and Daniel Patrick Moynihan and U.S. House Speaker Tip O'Neill, Carey led efforts to end the violence in Northern Ireland and support peace in the region. The four Irish-American politicians called themselves "The Four Horsemen."[16]
In 1977, he suffered a major setback, when he lost the case Carey v. Population Services International. He batted for a law which prevented Population Services International [PSI] to distribute contraceptives to minors below 16 years. But Supreme Court thought otherwise. According to the Supreme Court, it was a violation of minors' right to privacy.
Carey considered running for president in
According to political scientist and author Daniel C. Kramer "The Carey Administration had a hand in many important projects, the modernization of New York City's subways and the rescue of homeowners living in the Love Canal neighborhood being just two, before Carey committed several serious blunders which lowered voters' opinion of him that he decided not to run for reelection in 1982. Through it all, this man with the embarassingly-low poll ratings turned into a superb governor."16 On January 1, 1983, he was succeeded by his lieutenant governor, Mario Cuomo.
Later career
In 1989, Carey announced that he was no longer pro-choice and regretted his support for legalized abortion and public financing of abortion as governor. In 1992, he joined other
Later in his life, he was
Personal life
In 1947, Carey married Helen Owen (1924–1974). They became the parents of Alexandria, Christopher, Susan, Peter, Hugh Jr., Michael, Donald, Marianne, Nancy, Helen, Bryan,
In 1981, Carey married Evangeline Gouletas, a Chicago-based real estate mogul, just three months after meeting her.[20] This marriage proved controversial and a political liability. The marriage generated controversy due to false statements Gouletas made about her marital history. Initially, Gouletas claimed that she was a widow of a single marriage but later affirmed on the marriage license that she had two ex-husbands.[21] Gouletas also said that her first husband, with whom she had a daughter, was dead, but he was still alive at the time. In reality, she actually had three previous marriages, and all three of her former husbands were still living at the time. The marriage also caused trouble for Carey with the Catholic Church, since he married a thrice-divorced woman in a Greek Orthodox Church; the church, which does not recognize civil no-fault divorce, refused to perform communion. To an extent, the marriage also hurt his public reputation. Carey and Gouletas divorced in 1989.[22]
Carey later described this marriage as "his greatest failure."
Legacy
On October 22, 2009, he was named as the recipient of
References
- ^ "The Man Who Saved New York: Hugh Carey and the Great Fiscal Crisis of 1975". The Gotham Center for New York City History. January 16, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ Lewis, Paul (May 14, 2002). "Edward Carey, 85, Oil Executive And Brother's Campaign Backer". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
- ^ Bender, Marylin (November 16, 1975). "Martin Carey: Ships, Real Estate and Discount 'Gas'". The New York Times. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ "Photo, Hugh L. Carey and other members of the 415th Infantry Regiment Headquarters". New York State Archives. Archived from the original on June 20, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
- ^ The U.S. Congressional Record, Volume 141, Number 187 (Monday, November 27, 1995), U.S. Senate.
- The Hearst Corporation. August 8, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
- ^ Tracy, Thomas (August 8, 2011). "Hugh Carey, governor who saved New York, is dead". The Brooklyn Paper. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
- ^ "Room Eight | Hari Carey:The Press Gets It Wrong (Part Two)". August 10, 2011.
- ISBN 978-1938842054.
- ^ Pérez-Peña, Richard (August 7, 2011). "Hugh Carey, Who Led Fiscal Rescue of New York City, Is Dead at 92 (Published 2011)". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ Carroll, Thomas W. (Spring 1994). "The Status Cuomo". Policy Review. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ProQuest 121886438. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
- ^ Kirst, Sean (August 7, 2011). "Answering a question: Hugh built the dome?". syracuse.com. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ "Willowbrook Class – OPWDD". Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ "The Willowbrook Consent Decree". Archived from the original on April 30, 2016. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
- ^ "The last horseman raises his hat". February 17, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ "A New American Compact: Caring About Women, Caring for the Unborn". Catholic Online. June 17, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
- ^ "Triarc". Triarc. Archived from the original on May 5, 2004. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ Robbins, Liz (August 9, 2011). "Before Taking on Albany, Raising 14 Children in 1960s Brooklyn". The New York Times.
- ^ Mills, Barbara Kleban (May 4, 1981). "New York's Gov. Hugh Carey Weds the Empress of Mondo Condo, a Not-So-Sweet Evangeline". People. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ "Evangeline Gouletas Carey, who once claimed she was the..." UPI. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
- ^ Walls, Jennifer (July 31, 1989). "New York Intelligencer: Hugh and Engie: Split Ends". New York. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ Roberts, Sam (December 5, 2005). "Requiem for a (Still-Living) Heavyweight". The New York Times.
- ^ Pérez-Peña, Richard (August 7, 2011). "Hugh Carey, Who Led Fiscal Rescue of New York City, Is Dead at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2020.
- ^ "Former Governor Hugh Carey Dead At 92". NY1. August 7, 2011. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- ^ "Hugh Carey Named UAlbany Citizen Laureate - University at Albany-SUNY". www.albany.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ "Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel Renamed After Late Gov. Hugh Carey". cbslocal.com. CBS Local Media. October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
- ^ AVALLONE, ILENE J. "The changing campus landscape – NTID 50th Anniversary". www.rit.edu. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- United States Congress. "Hugh Carey (id: C000143)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Bibliography
- Kramer, Daniel C. (1997). The Days of Wine and Roses are Over: Governor Hugh Carey and New York State. University Press of America. ISBN 9780761805625.
- Lachman, Seymour P.; Polner, Robert (2010). The Man Who Saved New York: Hugh Carey and the Great Fiscal Crisis of 1975. Albany: SUNY Press.
- Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity."Skyhorse Publishing. New York, New York, 2020
Primary sources
- Almeida, Linda Dowling, Peter Quinn, and Hugh Carey. "Oral History: Governor Hugh Carey Interviewed by Peter Quinn." American Journal of Irish Studies (2012): 179–190. in JSTOR
External links
- United States Congress. "Hugh Carey (id: C000143)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Hugh Carey on Charlie Rose
- Hugh Carey at IMDb
- "New York's Forgotten Governor" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine through the University at Albany, SUNY.
- Hugh Carey collected news and commentary at The New York Times