Hulunbuir
Hulunbuir
呼伦贝尔市 Postal code | 021000 | |
|---|---|---|
| Area code | 0470 | |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-NM-07 | |
| Website | www | |
| Hulunbuir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | Хөлөнбуйр хот | ||||
| Mongolian script | ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ | ||||
| |||||
Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir, are spoken there.
History
During the
irredentist expansion of Inner Mongolia into areas that had majorities of Han and Manchu peoples.[6]
: 90–91
After the
urban agglomeration
is just a very small part of the region, and the average population density of the area is very low.
Names
Hailar
, 2007The city was once a
Qing Dynasty, it was known in Mandarin as Hūlúnbùyǔ'ěr (simplified Chinese: 呼伦布雨尔; traditional Chinese
: 呼倫布雨爾).
Administrative subdivisions
Hulunbuir is divided into 13 different county-level jurisdictions: one district, five
banners
.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Ergun (city) 3* Note: Jiagedaqi & Songling
is de facto part of Oroqen Banner but subordinate to Daxing'anling Prefecture in Heilongjiang. | ||||||
| Name | Mongolian | Hanzi
|
Hanyu Pinyin
|
Population (2010) |
Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Hailar District | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ (Qayilar toɣoriɣ) |
海拉尔区 | Hǎilā'ěr Qū | 344,947 | 1,440 | 181 |
| Jalainur District | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠢᠳᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ (Jalainaɣur toɣoriɣ) |
扎赉诺尔区 | Zhālàinuò'ěr Qū | 97,000 | 272 | 357 |
| Manzhouli City | ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Manjuur qota) |
满洲里市 | Mǎnzhōulǐ Shì | 152,473 | 424 | 360 |
Zalantun City
|
ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Jalan Ayil qota) |
扎兰屯市 | Zhālántún Shì | 366,326 | 16,800 | 21.8 |
| Yakeshi City | ᠶᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Yaɣsi qota) |
牙克石市 | Yákèshí Shì | 352,177 | 27,590 | 12.8 |
| Genhe City (Gengol City) |
ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Gegen Ɣool qota) |
根河市 | Gēnhé Shì | 110,441 | 19,659 | 5.6 |
Ergun City
|
ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Ergün-e qota) |
额尔古纳市 | É'ěrgǔnà Shì | 76,667 | 28,000 | 2.7 |
| Arun Banner | ᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Arun qosiɣu) |
阿荣旗 | Āróng Qí | 278,744 | 12,063 | 23.1 |
| New Barag Right Banner (Xin Barag Barun Banner) |
ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Sin-e Barɣu Baraɣun qosiɣu) |
新巴尔虎右旗 | Xīnbā'ěrhǔ Yòu Qí | 36,356 | 25,102 | 1.4 |
| New Barag Left Banner (Xin Barag Jun Banner) |
ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Sin-e Barɣu Jegün qosiɣu) |
新巴尔虎左旗 | Xīnbā'ěrhǔ Zuǒ Qí | 40,258 | 22,000 | 1.8 |
| Old Barag Banner (Huqin Barag Banner) |
ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Qaɣučin Barɣu qosiɣu) |
陈巴尔虎旗 | Chénbā'ěrhǔ Qí | 58,244 | 21,192 | 2.7 |
| Oroqen Autonomous Banner | ᠣᠷᠴᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Orčon-u öbertegen jasaqu qosiɣu) |
鄂伦春自治旗 | Èlúnchūn Zìzhìqí | 223,752 | 59,800 | 3.7 |
| Ewenki Autonomous Banner | ᠡᠸᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Eveŋki öbertegen jasaqu qosiɣu) |
鄂温克族自治旗 | Èwēnkèzú Zìzhìqí | 134,981 | 19,111 | 7.1 |
| Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner | ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ (Morin Dabaɣ-a Daɣur öbertegen jasaqu qosiɣu) |
莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗 | Mòlìdáwǎ Dáwò'ěrzú Zìzhìqí | 276,912 | 10,500 | 26.4 |
| Part of Oroqin Autonomous Banner is de facto subordinate to Daxing'anling Prefecture in Heilongjiang .
| ||||||
Geography and climate
Hulunbuir itself (Hailar) has an extreme
East Asian monsoon
. At Hailar, the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) in January to 20.0 °C (68 °F) in July, while the annual mean is −0.96 °C (30.3 °F). With at least 55% of possible sunshine in all months and an annual total greater than 2,700 hours, sunny weather dominates year-round. Approximately 70% of the annual rainfall occurs during the three summer months.
| Climate data for Hailar District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.6 (103.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
26.2 (79.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −19.8 (−3.6) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
7.9 (46.2) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
5.9 (42.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −25.0 (−13.0) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −29.2 (−20.6) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
−26.2 (−15.2) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −42.9 (−45.2) |
−42.3 (−44.1) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−11.1 (12.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−38.0 (−36.4) |
−42.8 (−45.0) |
−42.9 (−45.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.9 (0.15) |
3.6 (0.14) |
5.9 (0.23) |
13.8 (0.54) |
24.9 (0.98) |
53.3 (2.10) |
96.5 (3.80) |
78.6 (3.09) |
35.7 (1.41) |
16.8 (0.66) |
6.7 (0.26) |
6.9 (0.27) |
346.6 (13.63) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.3 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 11.9 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 8.7 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 96.8 |
| Average snowy days | 8.8 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 5.2 | 9.5 | 11.6 | 56 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
75 | 75 | 68 | 50 | 45 | 57 | 66 | 68 | 62 | 61 | 72 | 77 | 65 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 154.5 | 191.8 | 250.7 | 244.0 | 264.5 | 269.1 | 260.1 | 248.1 | 223.0 | 197.3 | 156.5 | 131.5 | 2,591.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 57 | 66 | 67 | 59 | 56 | 56 | 54 | 56 | 60 | 60 | 58 | 52 | 58 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9][10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Ethnic group | Population in 2000 | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Han | 2,199,645 | 81.85% |
| Mongols | 231,276 | 8.6% |
| Daur | 111,053 | 4.13% |
| Hui | 70,287 | 2.62% |
| Evenks | 30,950 | 1.15% |
| Oroqen | 8,355 | 0.31% |
| Russians | 4,741 | 0.18% |
Transport
Airports include:
- Hulunbuir Hailar Airport - Hailar
- Zhalantun
- Xinbarag Youqi Baogede Airport - New Barag Right Banner
See also
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Archived from the original on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ISBN 978-7-5037-7901-5.
- ^ Кузьмин С.Л. Баргинский и харачинский вопросы в истории Восточной Азии (первая половина XX века). – Т. 1. [Kuzmin S.L. The Barga and Kharachin Questions in the History of East Asia (First Half of the 20th Century)]. – М.: КМК. – 2021. – Т. 1. – 407 p. – ISBN 978-5-907372-78-8 (volume 1)
- ^ Кузьмин С.Л. Баргинский и харачинский вопросы в истории Восточной Азии (первая половина XX века). – [Kuzmin S.L. The Barga and Kharachin Questions in the History of East Asia (First Half of the 20th Century)]. – М.: КМК. – 2022. – Т. 2. – 259 p.+илл. – ISBN 978-5-907372-93-1 (volume 2)
- JSTOR 127160.
- )
- ^ a b Shabad, Theodore (1972). China's Changing Map: National and Regional Development, 1949-71. Taylor & Francis. pp. 237–239.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
Further reading
- 今日内蒙古: 呼伦贝尔 [Inner Mongolia today: Hulun Buir]. Hohhot: ISBN 7-204-03545-3.
- 呼伦贝尔民族文物考古大系：鄂伦春自治旗卷 [Hulunbuir Ethnic Cultural Relics and Archaeology Series. Oroqen Autonomous Banner]. Beijing: ISBN 9787501039517.
- 呼伦贝尔民族文物考古研究. Vol. viii. Beijing: ISBN 9787030393463., -4033.
- Bökecilagu. Kölün Boyir-un sonirqal-ud. Qayilar : Ȯbȯr Mongġol-un Soyol-un Keblel-u̇n Qoriy-a, 1988. 2, 8, 217 p. ISBN 9787805060231.
- Möngkedalai. Hulunbeier samanjiao yu lamajiao shilüe = Kölün Boyir-un böge-yin śasin kiged lama-yin śasin-u tobci teüke. Beijing : Minzu chubanshe, 2014. 5, 4, 545 p., ill., biblio., index. ISBN 9787105130573.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hulunbuir.
- Hulunbuir government website (in Chinese)
- Inner Mongolian postcodes (in English)