Human coronavirus NL63
Human coronavirus NL63 | |
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Transmission electron micrograph of HCoV-NL63
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Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
Order: | Nidovirales |
Family: | Coronaviridae |
Genus: | Alphacoronavirus |
Subgenus: | Setracovirus |
Species: | Human coronavirus NL63
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Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a species of
The virus is found primarily in young children, the elderly, and
The evolution of HCoV-NL63 appears to have involved recombination between an ancestral NL63-like virus circulating in African Triaenops afer bats and a CoV 229E-like virus circulating in Hipposideros bats.[13] Recombinant viruses can arise when two viral genomes are present in the same host cell.
Symptoms
The first cases of the infection with HCoV-NL63 were found in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections admitted to hospitals. While the clinical presentation of the virus can be severe, it has also been found in mild cases of respiratory infection. The
Cause
It is believed that the route of HCoV-NL63 spread is through direct person-to-person transmission in highly populated areas. The virus can survive for up to a week outside of the body in
Transmission
As HCoV-NL63 infects the respiratory tract it must be inhaled to get there, and is therefore transmitted by the airborne route. The virus is able to survive for up to seven days in respiratory secretions and remains infectious at room temperature. Once the virus has entered the host, it binds to
Diagnosis
It is difficult to distinguish between symptoms caused by infection of the HCoV-NL63 virus and those caused by other common human viruses, making diagnosis and detection complex.
Prevention
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends several measures for the prevention of infection with HCoV-NL63 including: washing hands often with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the eyes, mouth, or nose.[19]
Treatment and prognosis
Treatment for the HCoV-NL63 virus is dependent on the severity of associated
Virology
HCoV-NL63 is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[20]
- Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
- Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)
- Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1)
- Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Recent research
Research published in 2005 by Esper, et al. suggested an association of HCoV-NL63 infection with
References
- PMID 15034574.
- PMID 19057862, retrieved 2023-06-09
- PMID 15073334.
- PMID 15897467.
- ^ "ACE2 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 - Gene". NCBI. 2020-02-28. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I into angiotensin 1-9, and angiotensin II into the vasodilator angiotensin 1-7. The organ- and cell-specific expression of this gene suggests that it may play a role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function, as well as fertility. In addition, the encoded protein is a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of the human coronavirus HCoV-NL63 and the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus).
- PMID 25720466.
- ^ Lia van der Hoek, Krzysztof Pyrc, Ben Berkhout. "Human coronavirus NL63, a new respiratory virus". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ PMID 16104827.
- ^ PMID 20700397.
- ^ PMID 16911043.
- PMID 28933406.
See Table 1.
- PMID 17054987.
- PMID 28077633.
- PMID 15962232.
- PMID 24747590.
- ^ "Human Coronavirus". Public Health Agency of Canada. 2011-08-19. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- PMID 21325482.
- ^ PMID 15897467.
- ^ "About Coronavirus". Center for Disease Control. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- PMID 15655771.
- ^ "Kawasaki Disease". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
- PMID 21366416.
External links
- Data related to Human coronavirus NL63 at Wikispecies