Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)

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A U.S. Marine asking a local woman about weapons in Fallujah during the Iraq War

Human intelligence (HUMINT; pronounced hyoo-mint) is

intelligence agencies, HUMINT can also apply in various civilian sectors such as law enforcement.[2]

Overview

NATO defines HUMINT as "a category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources."[1] A typical HUMINT activity consists of interrogations and conversations with persons having access to information.

As the name suggests, human intelligence is mostly collected by people and is commonly provided via espionage or some other form of

covert surveillance
. However, there are also overt methods of collection, such as via interrogation of subjects or simply through interviews.

The manner in which HUMINT operations are conducted is dictated by both official protocol and the nature of the source of the information. Within the context of the

.

Sources of HUMINT

Typically, sources of HUMINT generally include:

The first steps for recruiting HUMINT sources is spotting and assessing a target.[4] Surveillance of targets (e.g., military or other establishments, open source or compromised reference documents) sometimes reveals people with potential access to information, but no clear means of approaching them. With this group, a secondary survey is in order. Headquarters may be able to suggest an approach, perhaps through a third party or through resources not known to the field station.[5]

Notable HUMINT examples

  • Oleg Penkovsky was a Soviet GRU colonel who served as a source to the United Kingdom and the United States by informing them of the precise knowledge necessary to address rapidly developing military tensions with the Soviet Union.

HUMINT by country

Italy

Italy's

AISE uses mainly human intelligence.[clarification needed
]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b AAP-6 (2013) pg. 109
  2. ^ Clark (2013) pg. 76
  3. ^ DeVine (2019)
  4. ^ Steele (2010) pg. 95
  5. ^ Carroll (2006)

Bibliography

  • "NATO glossary of terms and definitions (English and French)" (PDF). 2013. AAP-6.
  • DeVine, Michael E. (June 14, 2019). "Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Definitions in Brief". Congressional Research Service.
  • Thomas Patrick Carroll, Government 139 (Class Notes) Syllabus Section 1 — Human Intelligence: From Sleepers to Walk-ins (PDF), California State University Sacramento
  • Steele, Robert David (2010). Human Intelligence: All Humans, All Minds, All the Time. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. .
  • Clark, Robert M. (2013-09-13). Intelligence Collection. CQ Press. .