Human rights in France
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Human rights in France are contained in the preamble of the
Conventions and acts
During the
Roma expulsion (since 2010)
In 2010, the French government launched a programme of forced deportation of the Roma. These deportations have been heavily criticised by many human rights and international political organisations.[1] The Council of Europe has condemned the expulsions, calling them "contrary to human dignity".[2][3] Those who accepted to leave France received €300 per adult and €100 per child under the condition that they sign a declaration stating they will not try to come back to France.[4] The French Government had the goal of deporting 30,000 Roma in 2011.[5]
Censorship
In conventional terms, France does not have censorship laws. Historically, before its repeal under
Police abuses and detention conditions
You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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In 2004, the
A chronicle of police violence
Name | Age | Date | City | More Information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zyed Benna | 17 | October 27, 2005 | Clichy-sous-Bois | |
Bouna Traore | 15 | October 27, 2005 | Clichy-sous-Bois | |
Lamine Dieng | 25 | June 17, 2007 | Belleville | |
Ali Ziri | 69 | June 9, 2009 | Argenteuil | Algerian nationality |
Adama Traore | 24 | July 19, 2016 | Beaumont-sur-Oise | |
Cedric Chouviat | 42 | January 5, 2020 | Paris[9] | |
Nahel Merzouk | 17 | June 27, 2023 | Nanterre, Paris [12] |
Discrimination
On 2 December 2020, the French government dissolved the ‘Collective Against Islamophobia in France’ (CCIF), an NGO that combats discrimination against Muslims. CCIF's works have been recognised by the Human Rights Watch as well as other international human rights organizations and lawyers to be important in documenting the discriminatory impact of counterterrorism measures.[13]
The "idéal républicain" (republican ideal) intends to achieve equality in rights between French citizens. To this end, in the national census, the collection of statistics regarding ethnicity or religion is forbidden. This has led to some debate over the decline of indigenous minority languages and identity in the French Republic.
According to the Direction centrale des renseignements généraux (Central Directorate of General Intelligence), the former intelligence service of the French police, in 2004 there were 1,513 explicitly racist or antisemitic incidents in France, including 361 acts of violence. Antisemitic incidents were the most numerous, accounting for 950 of the incidents, including 199 violent acts.[14] Anti-Maghreb incidents accounted for 563 incidents, including 162 violent acts. The Paris region was the most affected. 2007 saw an overall decrease of 9% in such incidents.[15]
In May 2019, "inhumane treatment" by France towards the children of French citizens affiliated with
Minority acculturation
Before the Revolution, Standard French (a dialect of
Promotion of a local language or culture has finally been allowed, but under severe restrictions which effectively make it difficult to publish, organize classes, or media broadcasts.
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion in France is guaranteed by the constitutional rights set forth in the 1789
Women's rights
France legalized women's suffrage on 21 April 1944.
The Neuwirth law legalized birth control methods on 28 December 1967. Youths were given anonymous and free access to them in 1974.
Abortion was legalized in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy by the Veil law on 17 January 1975.
LGBT rights
Homosexuality was decriminalized during the Revolution by the law of 25 September – 6 October 1791.
On 6 August 1942 Vichy government introduced a discriminative law in penal code: article 334 (moved to article 331 on 8 February 1945 by the Provisional Government of the French Republic) increased age of consent to 21 for homosexual relations. This law remained valid until 4 August 1982.
A less known discriminative law (ordonnance n°60-1245 on 1960, 25 November ) doubled penalty for indecent exposure in case of homosexual activity, between 1960 and 1980 (penal code article 330). This text is also known as the Mirguet amendment.[17]
The
A bill granting same-sex couples the right to marry and jointly adopt children was adopted by the National Assembly on 18 May 2013 by Law 2013-404
Intersex rights
Intersex people in France face significant gaps in protection from non-consensual medical interventions and protection from discrimination. In response to pressure from intersex activists and recommendations by United Nations Treaty Bodies, the Senate published an inquiry into the treatment of intersex people in February 2017. It calls for significant changes to some medical practices, and also reparations for individuals subjected to coercive medical treatment.[18][19] An individual, Gaëtan Schmitt, has taken legal action to obtain civil status as "neutral sex" ("sexe neutre") but, in May 2017, this was rejected by the Court of Cassation.[20]
Human trafficking
There has been a growing awareness of
Mass surveillance and databases
The collection, storage, and use of personal data is regulated by the
Human rights organizations
Human rights organizations operating in France include:
- Dreyfus Affairat the end of the 19th century)
- Amnesty International (AI)
- Human Rights Watch (HRW)
- identity documents)
- GISTI(immigrants support NGO)
- LICRA (anti-racist NGO)
- MRAP(anti-racist NGO)
- SOS Racisme (anti-racist NGO)
See also
- Environmental racism in Europe
- Freedom of information in France
- High authority for the struggle against discrimination and for equality(HALDE)
- Humanism in France
- La Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation
References
- ^ Davies, Lizzy (15 September 2010). "France defends Roma expulsion policy". The Guardian. London.
- ^ "Rights body condemns French Roma expulsions". Al Jazeera. 10 November 2011.
- ^ "The European Social Charter" (PDF). European Social Charter.
- ^ "France resumes deportations of Roma people from Romania". Romea.cz. Czech Press Agency. 13 April 2010. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ Bran, Mirel (12 October 2011). "France's Immigration Chief Revisits the Roma Expulsion Issue, in Romania". Le Monde. Worldcrunch. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ 2004 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in France, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2004; Released by the US Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor – URL accessed on 18 February 2007 (in English)
- ^ Viols, vols, violences : neuf enquêtes visent des policiers du commissariat de Saint-Denis, Le Monde, 9 September 2005 (in French)
- ^ Mais que fait la Police ? Archived 26 October 2005 at the Wayback Machine (But What Is Doing The Police?), Marianne en linge, 14 September 2005 (in French)
- ^ "France: A chronicle of police violence". Deutsche Welle.
- ^ "France: A chronicle of police violence". nationalheraldindia. 2 July 2023.
- ^ "France: A chronicle of police violence". tbsnews.
- ^ "France riots: hundreds arrested in fourth night of unrest as 45,000 police deployed". theguardian. 30 June 2023.
- ^ Raynolds, Daniel (30 December 2020). "French Blunders: Controversial Security Law and Shutting Down of Human Rights NGO". International Policy Digest.
- ^ "Actes racistes et antisémites en France : 2004 aura été une année noire". Le Monde.fr.
- ^ "Rapports annuels - Commission nationale consultative des droits de l'homme". Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ "Human rights agency slams France's 'inhumane and degrading treatment' of jihadists' children". South China Morning Post. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "1960 sous amendement Mirguet". semgai.free.fr. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ Sénat; Blondin, Maryvonne; Bouchoux, Corinne (23 February 2017). Variations du développement sexuel : lever un tabou, lutter contre la stigmatisation et les exclusions. 2016-2017. Paris, France: Sénat.
- ISSN 1950-6244. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ "La justice refuse l'inscription " sexe neutre " sur un état civil". Le Monde. 4 May 2017.
- ^ "Trafficking in human beings". Archived from the original on 7 March 2004. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
- ^ "BBC NEWS - Europe - A modern slave's brutal odyssey". bbc.co.uk. 3 November 2004.
- ^ "V. Country Narratives -- Countries A through G". U.S. Department of State.