Human rights in Ghana
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LGBT rights
LGBT rights in
Religious freedom
Although the constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, the government sometimes restricts those rights. In 2010, the police arbitrarily arrest and detain journalists.[8] Some journalists practise self-censorship. In 2012, the constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government respects these prohibitions in practice.[9]
In 2002 the government of Ghana censored Internet media coverage of tribal violence in Northern Ghana.[10]
In 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.[11]
Prison conditions
Squalid conditions, poor food, and overcrowding in Ghana's prisons were called "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment," by the UN in 2013.
Historical situation
The following chart shows Ghana's ratings since 1972 in the Freedom in the World reports, published annually by Freedom House. A rating of 1 is "most free" and 7 is "least free".[14]1 In the 2020s, the Freedom in the World reports are rated from 1 to 4.[15]
There also follows a list of treaties agreed by the government authorities.
Year | Political Rights
|
Civil Liberties
|
Status | President2 |
1972 | 6 | 6 | Not Free | Kofi Abrefa Busia |
1973 | 7 | Ignatius Kutu Acheampong | ||
1974 | 5 | |||
1975 | ||||
1976 | ||||
1977 | 6 | 5 | Partly Free | |
1978 | 5 | 4 | ||
1979 | 4 | Fred Akuffo | ||
1980 | 2 | 3 | Free | Hilla Limann |
1981 | 6 | 5 | Not Free | |
19823 | Jerry Rawlings | |||
1983 | ||||
1984 | 7 | 6 | ||
1985 | ||||
1986 | ||||
1987 | ||||
1988 | 6 | |||
1989 | 5 | |||
1990 | ||||
1991 | 6 | |||
1992 | 5 | 5 | Partly Free | |
1993 | 4 | |||
1994 | ||||
1995 | 4 | |||
1996 | 3 | |||
1997 | 3 | |||
1998 | ||||
1999 | ||||
2000 | 2 | 3 | Free | |
2001 | ||||
2002 | John Kufuor | |||
2003 | 2 | |||
2004 | ||||
2005 | 1 | |||
2006 | ||||
2007 | ||||
2008 | ||||
2009 | ||||
2010 | John Atta Mills | |||
2011 | ||||
2012 | ||||
2013 | John Dramani Mahama
| |||
2014 | ||||
2015 | ||||
2016 | ||||
2017 | ||||
2018 | Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
| |||
2019 | 2 | |||
2020 | ||||
2021 | ||||
2022 |
Year | Political Rights
|
Civil Liberties
|
Overall score | Status | President2 |
2023 | 4 | 3 | 80% | Free | Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo
|
Treaty | Organization | Introduced | Signed | Ratified |
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide[16]
|
United Nations | 1948 | - | 1958 |
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination[17] | 1966 | 1966 | 1966 | |
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[18] | 1966 | 2000 | 2000 | |
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[19] | 1966 | 2000 | 2000 | |
First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[20] | 1966 | 2000 | 2000 | |
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity[21] | 1968 | - | 2000 | |
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid[22]
|
1973 | - | 1978 | |
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[23]
|
1979 | 1980 | 1986 | |
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment[24]
|
1984 | 2000 | 2000 | |
Convention on the Rights of the Child[25] | 1989 | 1990 | 1990 | |
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty[26]
|
1989 | - | - | |
International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families[27]
|
1990 | 2000 | 2000 | |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women[28]
|
1999 | 2000 | 2011 | |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict[29]
|
2000 | 2003 | 2014 | |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography[30]
|
2000 | 2003 | - | |
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[31] | 2006 | 2007 | 2012 | |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities[32] | 2006 | 2007 | 2012 | |
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance[33] | 2006 | 2007 | - | |
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights[34] | 2008 | 2009 | - | |
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure[35][36] | 2011 | 2013 | - |
See also
Notes
- 1.^ Note that the "Year" signifies the "Year covered". Therefore the information for the year marked 2008 is from the report published in 2009, and so on.
- 2.^ As of January 1.
- 3.^ The 1982 report covers the year 1981 and the first half of 1982, and the following 1984 report covers the second half of 1982 and the whole of 1983. In the interest of simplicity, these two aberrant "year and a half" reports have been split into three year-long reports through interpolation.
References
- ISBN 978-0-19-876232-4.
- ^ "Ghana's Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 1996" (PDF). Constitution Project. Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ^ The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992. Ghana: Assembly Press. 1996. pp. 12–17.
- ^ a b c d "Human Rights Violations Against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People in Ghana: A Shadow Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-18. Retrieved 2018-06-17.
- ^ Date Baah, S.K. "Religion, Human Rights and Democracy in the Ghanaian Context" (PDF). Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- ^ RefWorld
- ^ Quashigah, Kofi. "Religion and the Secular State in Ghana" (PDF). Retrieved May 8, 2023.
- ^ "Ghana 2010 report". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2018-03-31.
- ^ "Ghana 2012 report", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 25 March 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ "Ghana Internet Censorship 2008". NIBII. 15 December 2008. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-03
- ^ "UN official: Ghana jails cruel and inhuman". www.prisonministryghana.org. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2011.
- ^ a b c "Ghana Prison Conditions".
- ^ Freedom House (2012). "Country ratings and status, FIW 1973-2012" (XLS). Retrieved 2012-08-22.
- ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-3
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Paris, 9 December 1948". Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 2. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. New York, 7 March 1966". Archived from the original on 11 February 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 5. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. New York, 16 December 1966". Archived from the original on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 6. Convention on the non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes and crimes against humanity. New York, 26 November 1968". Archived from the original on 2018-11-16. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 7. International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. New York, 30 November 1973". Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 18 December 1979". Archived from the original on 23 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 9. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. New York, 10 December 1984". Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11. Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 20 November 1989". Archived from the original on 11 February 2014. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. New York, 15 December 1989". Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 13. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. New York, 18 December 1990". Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 8b. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. New York, 6 October 1999". Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "UN Treaty Body Database: Ratification Status for Ghana". Retrieved 1 Feb 2021.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11c. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. New York, 25 May 2000". Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006". Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 15a. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. New York, 13 December 2006". Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 16. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. New York, 20 December 2006". Archived from the original on 2019-07-17. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 3a. Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. New York, 10 December 2008". Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
- ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection". treaties.un.org. Archived from the original on 2012-08-25. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ^ United Nations. "United Nations Treaty Collection: Chapter IV: Human Rights: 11d. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure . New York, 19 December 2011. New York, 10 December 2008". Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
External links
- 2012 Annual Report Archived 2015-02-12 at the Wayback Machine, by Amnesty International
- Freedom in the World 2012 Report Archived 2017-06-01 at the Wayback Machine, by Freedom House