Humphrey Primatt

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Humphrey Primatt (1734 – c. 1776) was an English clergyman and early animal rights writer.[1][2] Primatt has been described as "one of the most important figures in the development of a notion of animal rights."[3]

Biography

Primatt was born in

M.A. in 1764 from Clare College, Cambridge.[2] He was a Church of England clergyman. Primatt served as vicar of Higham (1766–1774) and rector of Brampton (1771–1774). Primatt obtained a Doctor of Divinity from Marischal College, in 1773.[2] He married a Miss Gulliver on 2 October 1769 and retired in 1771 to Kingston upon Thames.[4]

Animal rights

In 1776, Primatt authored A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals, which argued that all animals were created by God, so deserve humane treatment and that any form of cruelty to animals should be equated with atheism and wickedness.[5][6]

Primatt wrote that "We may pretend to what religion we please, but cruelty is atheism. We may make our boast of Christianity, but cruelty is infidelity [i.e., unfaithfulness]. We may trust to our orthodoxy, but cruelty is the worst of heresies."[7]

Primatt held that pain is evil and humans have no right to inflict it on animals or each other.[1] He commented that "pain is pain, whether it be inflicted on man or on beast".[8] It was one of the first books to argue for the compassionate treatment of animals and influenced the animal welfare movement.[9][10][11][12]

The

Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals considers the book a "foundation stone" of their organization as it influenced the founders of their society.[9][13] Arthur Broome was inspired by Primatt's book and republished it in 1822.[14][15] Henry Stephens Salt described it as a "quaint but excellent book".[16] Marc Bekoff has noted that "Primatt was largely responsible for bringing animal welfare to the attention of the general public."[14]

Primatt did not promote vegetarianism.[17] He suggested that man is permitted to kill animals for food but denied that this permits unnecessary suffering.[2]

Selected publications

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-349-41045-3
  2. ^
    Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
    . Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  3. ISBN 1-85506-826-5
  4. ^ Nichols, John. (1822). Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century. London. p. 839
  5. ISBN 0-299-11840-1
  6. ^ "Jan Morris applauds an 18th-century anglican vicar and his unusual early enthusiasm for animal rights". The Independent. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  7. ^ Primatt, Humphrey (1776). A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals. London: R. Hett. p. 288.
  8. ^ Evans, Kimberly Masters. (2009). Animal Rights. Cengage Gale. p. 6
  9. ^ a b Niven, Charles D. (1967). History of the Humane Movement. Transatlantic Arts. p. 53
  10. ISBN 0-7591-0304-6
  11. ^ Boddice, Rob. (2008). A History of Attitudes and Behaviours Toward Animals in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Britain. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 115
  12. ISBN 978-0-19-936090-1
  13. ISBN 978-1-137-52650-2
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-0-313-35257-7
  15. ^ "A Dissertation on the duty of mercy and sin of cruelty to brute animals by Humphry Primatt". Royal Collection Trust.Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  16. ^ Salt, Henry Stephens. (1922). Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress. London: G. Bell and Sons. p. 117
  17. ISBN 978-0-313-37556-9
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