Hurricane Delta

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Delta.

Hurricane Delta
Delta nearing its secondary peak intensity east of Texas on October 8
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 4, 2020
ExtratropicalOctober 10, 2020
DissipatedOctober 12, 2020
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds140 mph (220 km/h)
Lowest pressure953 mbar (hPa); 28.14 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities6
Damage$3.09 billion (2020 USD)
Areas affectedJamaica, Nicaragua, Cayman Islands, Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States, Eastern United States
IBTrACS / [1]
Part of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Delta was the record-tying fourth

major hurricane of the record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Delta formed from a tropical wave which was first monitored by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on October 1. Moving westward, the tropical wave began to quickly organize. A well-defined center of circulation formed with sufficiently organized deep convection on October 4, and was designated as Tropical Depression Twenty-six and soon thereafter, Tropical Storm Delta. Extremely rapid intensification ensued throughout October 5 into October 6, with Delta becoming a Category 4 hurricane within 28 hours of attaining tropical storm status. The rate of intensification was the fastest in the Atlantic basin since Hurricane Wilma in 2005. After peaking in intensity however, an unexpected increase in wind shear and dry air quickly weakened the small storm before it made landfall in Puerto Morelos, Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane with 105 mph (169 km/h) winds. It weakened some more over land before emerging into the Gulf of Mexico, where it was downgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. After that, it began to restrengthen, regaining Category 3 status late on October 8. It then turned northward and reached a secondary peak intensity of 953 mbar (28.14 inHg) and winds of 120 mph early on October 9. Delta then began to turn more north-northeastward into an area of cooler waters, higher wind shear, and dry air, causing it to weaken back to Category 2 status. Delta then made landfall at 23:00 UTC near Creole, Louisiana with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) and a pressure of 970 mbar (29 inHg). The storm began to weaken more rapidly after landfall, becoming post-tropical
just 22 hours later.

Widespread

States of emergency were also declared in the U.S. states of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama and several coastal and low-lying areas were ordered to evacuate. In Mexico, trees and power lines were blown down, and roofs were ripped off homes and other buildings. Louisiana and Southeast Texas were again by heavy rain, high winds, and storm surge, and 14 weak tornadoes were confirmed in Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas. Total insured losses resulting from the storm amounted to $3.09 billion, with $2.9 billion in the US and US$186 million in Mexico.[2]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

At 00:00 UTC on October 1, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began to monitor a tropical wave moving into the Eastern Caribbean for potential development.[3] It moved steadily westward at 15–20 miles per hour (24–32 km/h) and began to organize late on October 3.[4] A well-defined center of circulation formed with sufficiently organized deep convection around 18:00 UTC on October 4, marking the formation of Tropical Depression Twenty-Six. Thunderstorm activity continued to increase after formation, but was initially confined to the southern portion of the circulation due to northerly wind shear. Once the shear lessened on October 5, convection became more symmetric around the center, and the system strengthened to become Tropical Storm Delta by 12:00 UTC that day about 150 mi (240 km) south-southwest of Montego Bay, Jamaica.[1]

Continuing westward in defiance of forecasts that repeatedly predicted a northwestward turn, Delta began a period of

nautical miles (4.6 miles) in diameter, although it was not visible in satellite imagery.[9] Rapid intensification continued and at 15:00 UTC, Delta was upgraded to Category 3 major hurricane status, before reaching Category 4 status just 20 minutes later, after an NOAA hurricane Hunter aircraft indicated that the storm's 1-minute sustained wind speed was at 130 mph (210 km/h).[10][11] Delta intensified from a tropical depression to Category 4 hurricane in just over 36 hours, breaking the record of 42 hours that Hurricane Keith set in 2000.[12]

Delta at its initial peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane on October 6.

Delta reached its initial peak intensity at 18:00 UTC, with winds of 140 mph (230 km/h) and a pressure of 953 mbar (28.1 inHg), an unusually high pressure for a storm this strong, which indicated that Delta's circulation did not extend as far into the upper troposphere as would be expected for a storm of its intensity.[13] Additionally, the storm's eye was barely visible on visible satellite imagery, although it was seen on microwave images. Delta did not keep this intensity for very long as an increase in mid-level wind shear and dry air entrainment significantly disrupted Delta's small core, and the storm abruptly weakened with its banding features becoming less defined and its eye completely disappearing.[14] It accelerated northwestward and at around 05:45 UTC on October 7, the storm made landfall at Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico, as a high-end Category 2 storm with winds of 110 mph (180 km/h).[15] It subsequently weakened some more as it moved over the Yucatán Peninsula and into the Gulf of Mexico, north of the Dzilam de Bravo State Reserve,[16] as an 85 mph (137 km/h) Category 1 hurricane at 21:00 UTC on October 7.[17] Afterward, Delta finally began to reorganize and it regained Category 2 intensity at 06:00 UTC on October 8.[18]

Delta steadily became more organized on the morning of October 8, with an eye occasionally becoming evident on satellite imagery and a lowering minimum central pressure as it turned northward ahead of an approaching trough to its northwest.[19] Delta regained Category 3 intensity at 21:00 UTC, before reaching its secondary peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on October 9, with its minimum pressure again dropping to 953 mbar (28.1 inHg) and sustained winds increasing to 120 mph (190 km/h).[20][21] Delta held that intensity for six hours as it turned due north before moving into a hostile environment of cooler waters, drier air, and increasing wind shear. This caused Delta to begin a slow weakening trend as its eye clouded over and its convective pattern became ragged. It was downgraded to a Category 2 hurricane at 18:00 UTC as it turned north-northeastward towards land.[22][23] Delta then made landfall near Creole, Louisiana with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) and a pressure of 970 mbar (29 inHg) at 23:00 UTC.[24] After that, Delta began to weaken more rapidly, dropping to Category 1 status an hour after landfall at 00:00 UTC on October 10 and a tropical storm six hours later.[25][26] It accelerated northeastward and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over Western Mississippi by 18:00 UTC. The system continued to weaken and its circulation broadened through the day on October 11, and by 00:00 on October 12, it opened into a trough of low pressure over the southeastern United States.[1]

Preparations

Cayman Islands and Cuba

Tropical Storm Gamma (left) and Hurricane Delta (right) on October 5.

Red Cross shelter on Huldah Avenue was on stand-by in the event of flooding. The government set up facilities for shelter with proper protocol for COVID-19 for people with the virus isolating at home. All Government events on October 5–6 were cancelled, including Older Person's Month activities.[28]

When the initial advisory was issued for Potential Tropical Cyclone Twenty-Six, a hurricane

hurricane warning while a Tropical Storm Warning was issued for the Isle of Youth.[29] This, however, was downgraded to a tropical storm warning when Hurricane Delta jogged south and put less of the area in harm's way.[5]

Mexico

Enhanced Infrared satellite image of Delta making landfall in Quintana Roo on October 7

As Delta was nearing landfall in Quintana Roo, many communities were still being impacted by the

Chichen Itzá and Tulum.[31] In Cancún, 160 shelters were opened for tourists and residents. In addition, around 400 tourists were sheltering at the Cancún Convention Center, and some 300 guests and 200 staff from the Fiesta Americana Condesa hotel were taking shelter, at the Technological Institute of Cancún campus.[36] One lower division soccer match was postponed on October 8.[37]

United States

Alabama

Tourists and visitors were ordered to leave Alabama's barrier islands as of October 6 while a state of emergency was also declared for the state.[38]

Mississippi

vessels to evacuate by 1:00 p.m. CDT (18:00 UTC).[41]

Louisiana

The area that Delta threatened was the same area affected by the stronger

hurricane.[42] Additionally, 6,000 homes still had tarps on them.[43]

On October 6,

Waitr offered free grocery delivery in Lafayette for those unable or choosing not to go out in public to prepare for the storm.[47] On October 7, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards conferred with President of the United States Donald Trump, who agreed to sign a disaster declaration for the entire state ahead of the storm.[48]

In college football, a matchup between Louisiana-Lafayette and Coastal Carolina was postponed to October 14.[49] The matchup between LSU and Missouri was relocated to Faurot Field in Columbia, Missouri as well.[50] More than 1,000 Louisiana National Guardsmen, 7,500 utility workers, and dozens of high water rescue vehicles, boats, and aircraft were put on standby. Another 8,000 utility workers were waiting outside the state.[43]

Elsewhere

On October 5, the

oil drilling companies of BP and BHP began evacuating non-essential personnel from their offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico.[51]

Impact

The wind swath of Hurricane Delta with hurricane-force winds in red and tropical-storm force winds in orange.

Mexico

The storm brought

pole and thus being electrocuted.[59] Damage in Cancún stood at MX$4 billion (US$186 million).[60]

United States

25,000 customers in Texas and Louisiana lost power before Delta made landfall.[43] That number soon rose to 740,000 as Delta pulled inland.[61]

Louisiana

Radar image of Delta making landfall in Louisiana on October 9.

Calcasieu Pass reported sustained winds of 53 mph (85 km/h), a wind gust of 64 mph (103 km/h), and a pressure of 983.8 mbar (29.05 inHg).[64][65][66] Around the time of landfall, a Florida Coastal Monitoring Tower near Lake Arthur reported a sustained wind of 77 mph (124 km/h) and a gust to 96 mph (154 km/h) while a NOAA National Weather Service water level gauge at Freshwater Canal Locks reported 8 feet (2.4 m) of storm surge.[24] Shortly after that, the Lake Charles Regional Airport reported sustained winds of 64 mph (103 km/h) with gusts to 95 mph (153 km/h).[25]

Delta made landfall just 12 miles (19 km) east of where

St. Martinville, a generator related fire caused the death of an 86-year-old man.[72] In addition, a 70-year-old woman in Iberia Parish died in a fire likely caused by a natural gas leak following damage from Hurricane Delta.[73]

Mississippi

Delta uprooted many trees across Mississippi. One tree landed on a news vehicle while its crew was inside in

US 51 were closed due to uprooted trees and debris.[74] In Natchez, a home was destroyed by a large uprooted tree, and several other homes, apartments, and businesses were damaged.[75] An extremely brief EF0 tornado in McCall Creek also snapped or uprooted trees near a home on October 9.[76]

Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas

Widespread tornado warnings were issued throughout the rest of the Southeast and 13 other tornadoes were confirmed on October 10-11.[77][78][79][80] On October 10 in Georgia, an EF1 tornado damaged a homeless shelter in Covington, injuring two people and displacing 30 others.[81][82][83] The next day, an EF1 tornado in Latta, South Carolina, destroyed a storage shed and damaged a billboard, mobile home, home, and trees. Later, another EF1 tornado in Conway, South Carolina snapped and uprooted trees, significantly damaged a home and old barn, and caused minor damage to a storage shed and another home, injuring one person. An EF1 tornado in Nakina, North Carolina damaged the roof and carport of a home as well as an outbuilding.[84]

Elsewhere

The precursor to Delta brought squally weather in the

Pensacola where a 49-year-old man was caught in strong rip currents and another drowning occurred in Destin where a 19-year-old tourist drowned and another was rescued after they were caught in a rip current produced by Hurricane Delta.[88] The remnants of Delta also affected parts of the Northeastern United States. In New Jersey, a peak rainfall amount of 3.67 inches (93 mm) was recorded in West Creek, and a top wind gust of 42 miles per hour (68 km/h) was recorded in Sea Girt.[89]

Aftermath

Mexico

In

Cancun, within a week of Delta's passage, electrical and water services were restored throughout the area.[90] The Convoy of Hope handed out relief supplies to families affected by the hurricane.[91]

United States

Louisiana

In the immediate aftermath of Delta, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards stated that tens of thousands would need help recovering after the storm's destruction.[92] He also surveyed damage in areas hard-hit by the hurricane.[93]

Records and naming

Delta was the earliest 25th tropical or subtropical storm on record in an Atlantic hurricane season, surpassing the old mark of November 15, set by

rapidly intensified from a 35 mph (55 km/h) tropical depression to a 130 mph (210 km/h) Category 4 hurricane in twenty-four hours, the fastest such occurrence on record in the Atlantic Basin.[95] Delta was the record-setting tenth named storm of the year to make landfall in the continental U.S., surpassing the previous record of nine set in 1916. Delta was also the record-tying fourth named storm to hit Louisiana in 2020, tying the record set in 2002; this record was surpassed by Hurricane Zeta later in the month.[43][96][97]

The 2020 season was the second (along with 2005) in which an alphabetic list of 21 storm names had been exhausted, necessitating use of the Greek alphabet auxiliary list. In March 2021, the World Meteorological Organization replaced that auxiliary list with a new 21-name supplemental list. As a result, the letter Delta will not be used to name another Atlantic hurricane.[98]

See also

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Delta.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Delta&oldid=1219630519"