Hurricane Dennis

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Hurricane Dennis
Florida Panhandle on July 10
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 4, 2005
Remnant lowJuly 13, 2005
DissipatedJuly 18, 2005
Category 4 hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds150 mph (240 km/h)
Lowest pressure930 mbar (hPa); 27.46 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities88
Damage$3.98 billion (2005 USD)
Areas affected
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata

Part of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
History

Effects

Other wikis

Hurricane Dennis was an early-forming major

Atlantic hurricane ever to form before August at the time, a title it held for only six days before being surpassed by Hurricane Emily
. It also became the second wettest tropical cyclone in the state of Kentucky only behind the 1960 Texas tropical storm.

Dennis made

Florida Panhandle as a Category 3 storm, coming less than a year after the devastating Hurricane Ivan. Dennis killed 88 people in total and was responsible for $3.98 billion (2005 USD) in damages, of which $2.5 billion (2005 USD
) occurred in the United States.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The

major hurricane on July 7.[1][9] The hurricane subsequently traversed the Jamaica Channel, bringing deadly floods to both Jamaica and Haiti.[1]

The powerful storm soon struck

Florida Panhandle, the storm ultimately making landfall over Santa Rosa Island on July 10 as a Category 3. Weakening continued as the cyclone moved further inland, and the storm quickly lost tropical cyclone status. Dennis' remnant circulation remained, however, traversing the Mississippi River Valley and Ohio River Valley before finally dissipating over Ontario on July 18.[1]

Preparations

Caribbean

In Haiti, officials evacuated residents along the coastline, but noted that many were not obliging.[13] In Cuba more than 600,000 residents were moved from their homes to government shelters or other locations in anticipation of Dennis.[14] All schools were closed, and most flights in the country were suspended or cancelled.[15]

The Cayman Islands chapter of the Red Cross opened shelters on July 7 and placed 120 volunteers on standby. Schools and government offices closed for the duration of Dennis's passage.[16]

United States

In the United States, the governors of Florida,

Florida Panhandle stretching from Escambia County to Bay County.[18] Likewise, military installations such as NAS Pensacola, Whiting Field, Eglin AFB, Hurlburt Field and Tyndall AFB were all evacuated days before the storm. Additionally, Red Cross officials opened 87 shelters across the state which were able to hold about 14,000 evacuees.[17]

In Florida, about 50,000 tourists in the Keys were forced to evacuate by July 8.[19] The MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa evacuated its aircraft to McConnell Air Force Base near Wichita, Kansas.[20] 700,000 people in the Florida panhandle were evacuated in the days prior to Dennis, 100,000 of them in Escambia County alone.[21] As a result of the large evacuations, more than 200 truckloads provided about 1.8 million gallons of gasoline.[22] The Red Cross also moved 60 mobile canteens capable of serving 30,000 hot meals each a day to the staging points of Hattiesburg and Jackson. National guardsmen were mobilized, and four emergency medical teams, each capable of setting up a small field hospital, were on standby. Also, at Eglin Air Force Base, about 20,000 military personnel were evacuated, and at Hurlburt Field, home to Air Force's 16th Special Operations Wing, a mandatory evacuation was ordered for all 15,000 airmen and their families.[23]

Impact

Effects of Hurricane Dennis by country
Country Deaths Damage (USD) Ref.
Haiti 56 $50 million [24][25]
Jamaica 1 >$34.5 million [1][26][27][28]
Cuba 16 $1.4 billion [1]
United States 15 $2.5 billion [29]
Total 88 $3.98 billion
Because of differing sources, totals may not match.

Caribbean

Heavy rain from the outer bands of Dennis produced widespread flooding and landslides in Haiti. The resulting torrents killed at least 56 people, injured 36 others, and left 24 more missing.[24] At least nine of the fatalities occurred when a bridge collapsed in Grand-Goâve.[30][31] Extensive property damage was incurred with 929 homes destroyed and another 3,058 damaged, leaving 1,500 families homeless.[24] Damage totaled US$50 million.[25]

Dennis brought torrential rain to Jamaica, with accumulations peaking at 24.54 in (623 mm) in Mavis Bank—a 1-in-50 year event. Widespread flash flooding ensued, damaging or destroying numerous homes and businesses. The overflow of multiple rivers prompted evacuations in several towns and left many stranded. Saint Thomas and Portland Parishes were hardest-hit. Overall, one person died there and damage exceeded J$2.128 billion (US$34.5 million).[1][26][27]

From there the storm moved to Cuba, leaving 16 people dead and $1.4 billion in damages as it roared through the island, flattening houses and downing trees and power lines. Heavy rainfall fell across the country, with amounts reaching up to 1,092 millimetres (43.0 in), making Dennis the wettest storm for the island since Hurricane Flora of 1963.[32] According to reports from the Cuban government, 120,000 homes were damaged, 15,000 of which were destroyed. The citrus and vegetable industries were also devastated as Cuba's primary agricultural regions were the hardest hit. Nonetheless, Fidel Castro publicly refused US aid after the storm in protest of the ongoing US trade embargo against Cuba, stating that, "If they offered $1 billion we would say no."[33] Relayed reports from Cuban meteorologists stated that a gust up to 149 miles per hour (240 km/h) was detected at Cienfuegos, 85% of the power lines were down, and extensive damage to the communications infrastructure had occurred. Dennis was more destructive than the previous year's Hurricane Charley and was widely regarded as the worst hurricane to strike Cuba since Hurricane Flora in the 1963 season.

United States

Navarre Beach, Florida
largely destroyed by Hurricane Dennis.

In the United States, damage was not as high as originally expected, mainly because Dennis was more compact and moved more quickly than initially forecast. Dennis made landfall approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the east of where

Florida Panhandle,[35]
and left 680,000 customers without electricity in four southern states.

In southern Florida, damage was mostly limited to moderate wind gusts; in

Pensacola Airport reported sustained winds of 82 miles per hour (132 km/h) and a peak gust of 96 miles per hour (154 km/h).[1] Milton received 7.08 inches (180 mm) of rain, the highest reported rainfall total in Florida caused by Dennis.[39] No significant damage was reported to most structures; however, insurers initially estimated that Dennis caused $3–$5 billion in insured damage,[40] or approximately $6–$10 billion total (insured damage estimates are generally held to be approximately one-half of total damages). However, the NHC reported total damage in the United States as only $2.5 billion with $1.115 billion of insured damage.[1][29]

In

storm tide of 2–4 ft (0.61–1.22 m) above normal was reported.[1] Rainfall from the hurricane averaged between 1–5 inches (2.5–12.7 cm),[46][47] and minimum barometric pressure of 994.2 mb was reported near Pascagoula.[1] Wind gusts peaked at 59 mph (95 km/h) causing several hundred trees to uproot or snap, damaging a total of 21 homes and businesses.[47]

Dennis caused at least 10 tornadoes in the U.S., although only one of them reached F1 status on the Fujita scale.[1] The storm dropped over 10 inches (25 cm) of rain in some areas of Alabama and Georgia (see the rainfall graphic). Parts of Georgia, which had received heavy rain just days earlier from Hurricane Cindy, suffered heavy flooding, and flash-floods were reported on the outskirts of the Atlanta metropolitan area.[failed verification][48]

In the United States, 15 storm-related deaths (14 in Florida) were reported, including one in Walton County,[49] three in Broward County,[1][50] three in Charlotte County, one each in Nassau and Escambia Counties[50] and one in Decatur, Georgia.[51] In the Gulf of Mexico, the storm caused Thunder Horse PDQ, a BP oil rig about 240 miles (390 km) southeast of New Orleans, Louisiana, to severely list.[52]

Retirement

Because of the great amount of damage and deaths in the Caribbean and United States, the name Dennis was retired in the spring of 2006, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. It was replaced by Don, which was first used during the 2011 hurricane season. Dennis was one of five names to be retired in 2005—alongside Katrina, Rita, Stan, and Wilma; this is the greatest such number since the implementation of retirement in 1955.[53][54]

See also

  • Tropical cyclones in 2005
  • List of Florida hurricanes (2000–present)
  • List of wettest tropical cyclones in Cuba
  • List of wettest tropical cyclones in the United States
  • List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
  • Hurricane Opal (1995) – A powerful Category 4 hurricane that affected the similar areas as a Category 3 storm
  • Hurricane Georges (1998) – Another Category 4 hurricane that produced similar effects in the Gulf Coast Region as a Category 2 storm
  • Hurricane Ivan (2004) – A Category 5 hurricane that struck the Gulf Coast less than a year earlier as a Category 3 storm, causing devastating damage
  • Hurricane Gustav (2008) – A Category 4 hurricane that took a similar track before striking southern Louisiana as a Category 2 storm
  • Hurricane Michael (2018) – A Category 5 hurricane that became the strongest tropical cyclone ever to strike the Florida Panhandle
  • Hurricane Sally (2020) – A slow-moving Category 2 hurricane that caused widespread damage in the Florida Panhandle
  • Hurricane Elsa (2021) - A Category 1 hurricane that had a similar path, and affected similar areas

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Jack L. Beven (September 9, 2014). Hurricane Dennis (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
  2. ^ MT (June 28, 2005). Tropical Weather Discussion (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  3. ^ Patricia A. Wallace (June 28, 2005). Tropical Weather Discussion (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  4. ^ MT (July 2, 2005). Tropical Weather Discussion (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  5. ^ Jamie Rhome (July 2, 2005). Tropical Weather Discussion (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  6. ^ Lixion A. Avila (July 5, 2005). Tropical Depression Four Discussion Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  7. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (July 6, 2005). Tropical Storm Dennis Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  8. ^ Stacy R. Stewart (July 7, 2005). Hurricane Dennis Discussion Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  9. ^ Richard J. Pasch (July 7, 2005). Hurricane Dennis Discussion Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  10. ^ Lixion A. Avila (July 9, 2005). Hurricane Dennis Discussion Number 19 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  11. ^ Jon Erdman (July 10, 2013). "Eight Years Ago: Major Hurricane Dennis Makes U.S. Landfall". Atlanta, Georgia: The Weather Channel. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  12. ^ James L. Franklin and Daniel P. Brown (March 10, 2006). Hurricane Emily (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  13. ^ "Hurricane Dennis kills 10 in Cuba". BBC. July 11, 2005.
  14. ^ a b "Mop-up begins after Dennis sweeps Gulf Coast". NBC News. July 11, 2005.
  15. ^ Alex Morales and Jessica Brice (July 8, 2005). "Hurricane Dennis Forces Florida and Cuba Evacuations (Update1)". Bloomberg. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
  16. ^ Allison Ali (July 8, 2005). "Jamaica, Haiti and Cayman Islands Red Cross braces for Hurricane Dennis". Caribbean Red Cross Societies. Trinidad: ReliefWeb. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  17. ^ a b Garry Mitchell (July 11, 2005). "Shelters on the Gulf Coast fill up as Dennis strengthens". USA Today. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
  18. ^ a b Amy Sieckmann (2005). "Dangerous Dennis". Anniston Star. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
  19. ^ ABBY GOODNOUGH (July 9, 2005). "Residents in Storm Path Face More Tough Choices". New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  20. ^ "Developments Regarding Hurricane Dennis". NBC6. 2005.
  21. ^ Alan Gomez (2005). "700,000 Panhandle residents flee this time". Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on August 6, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2008.
  22. ^ Ken Kaye and Linda Kleindienst (2005). "Hurricane Dennis grazes South Florida, sets dangerous course for Gulf Coast". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  23. ^ "Florida Panhandle Military Evacuation". WTVY News. Associated Press. 2005. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
  24. ^ a b c Caribbean: Hurricanes Dennis & Emily Appeal No. 05EA14 Operations Update No. 3 – Focus on Haiti and Jamaica (PDF) (Report). ReliefWeb. August 9, 2005. Retrieved November 21, 2015. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  25. ^ a b "Disasters List". International Disaster Database. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. 2015. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  26. ^ a b Assessment of the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact of Hurricanes Dennis and Emily on Jamaica (PDF) (Report). Planning Institute of Jamaica. August 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 25, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  27. ^ a b Hurricane Dennis Damage Assessment (PDF) (Report). Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management. n.d. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 25, 2015. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  28. ^ "Jamaica: Resources to be reallocated to assist farmers". Government of Jamaica. Kingston, Jamaica: ReliefWeb. July 27, 2005. Retrieved November 24, 2015.
  29. ^ a b Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated (PDF) (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  30. ^ "Tempête tropicale Dennis : au moins un mort, deux blessés et plusieurs personnes portées disparues en Haïti" (in French). ReliefWeb. Radio Kiskeya. July 7, 2005. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  31. ^ "Hurricane Dennis leaves 25 dead, 16 missing in Haiti". Havana, Cuba: ReliefWeb. Xinhua General News. July 11, 2005. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
  32. ^ Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (2003). "Lluvias intensas observadas y grandes inundaciones reportadas" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
  33. ^ "Castro: Cuban death toll from Hurricane Dennis raised to 16". USA Today. July 12, 2005.
  34. ^ "Southern US mops up after Dennis". BBC. July 11, 2005.
  35. ^ Federal Emergency Management Agency (July 7, 2006). "Monday Marks Hurricane Dennis Anniversary". Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2006.
  36. ^ Michael Wilson (July 10, 2005). "Hurricane Dennis Nears, on a Familiar Path". New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  37. ^ Roger Roy, Wes Smith and Jason Garcia (2005). "Florida's Gulf Coast finds damage from Hurricane Dennis less than anticipated". Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  38. ^ Coralie Carlson. "Hurricane Dennis swipes Florida Keys, threatening Gulf states". SignOnSanSiego. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2008.
  39. ^ USGS (2005). "Hydrological impacts of Hurricane Dennis on Florida Panhandle". Archived from the original on April 21, 2008. Retrieved March 11, 2008.
  40. ^ Dr. William M. Gray. "Forecast of Atlantic Hurricane Activity for October 2005". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on December 13, 2005. Retrieved December 10, 2005.
  41. ^ Hurricane Research Division (2008). "Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2005". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
  42. ^ International Herald Tribune (2005). "Hurricane Dennis pounds Alabama-Florida coast". Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  43. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2005). "Search results for Hurricane Dennis event reports". Archived from the original on August 14, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  44. ^ National Climatic Data Center (2005). "Event report for Hurricane Dennis (2)". Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  45. ^ Jermaine Jackson (2005). "Oxford escapes major hurricane damage". Daily Mississippian.
  46. ^ David Roth (2005). "Rainfall Summary for Hurricane Dennis". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  47. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2005). "Event report for Hurricane Dennis". Archived from the original on June 16, 2009. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
  48. ^ [failed verification]National Weather Service, Southern Regional Headquarters. "The Menace of Dennis". NOAA. Archived from the original on August 31, 2006. Retrieved February 5, 2006.
  49. ^ "Dennis speeds through Florida Panhandle". Ledger-Enquirer. July 10, 2005.
  50. ^ a b "2 deaths apparently storm-related". Miami Herald. July 11, 2005.
  51. ^ "Storm Topples Tree, Kills Father". WXIA-TV. July 12, 2005.
  52. ^ "Big BP oil rig listing badly in U.S. Gulf". MarketWatch. July 11, 2005.
  53. ^ "Dennis, Katrina, Rita, Stan and Wilma "Retired" from List of Storm Names". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. April 6, 2006. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  54. ^ Dorst, Neal; Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (October 23, 2012). "They Called the Wind Mahina: The History of Naming Cyclones" (pptx). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. p. Slides 62–72. Retrieved January 4, 2013.

External links