Hurricane Olivia (2018)
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | September 1, 2018 |
Remnant low | September 14, 2018 |
Dissipated | September 14, 2018 |
Category 4 major hurricane | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 130 mph (215 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 950 mbar (hPa); 28.05 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | None |
Damage | $25 million |
Areas affected | Hawaii |
IBTrACS / [1] | |
Part of the 2018 Pacific hurricane season |
Hurricane Olivia was a
A tropical depression formed southwest of Mexico on September 1, and slowly organized while hindered by northeasterly wind shear, strengthening into Tropical Storm Olivia a day later. Olivia began a period of rapid intensification on September 3, reaching its initial peak as a high-end Category 3 hurricane on September 5. Soon after, the cyclone began to weaken, before unexpectedly re-intensifying on September 6. Olivia peaked as a Category 4 hurricane on September 7, with winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 951 mbar (28.08 inHg). Six hours later, Olivia began another weakening trend that resulted in the hurricane being downgraded to Category 1 status on September 8, east of the 140th meridian west. Olivia entered the Central Pacific Basin on September 9 while continuing to decay. For much of its existence, Olivia had tracked westward to northwestward under the influence of a subtropical ridge. The cyclone weakened to a tropical storm on September 12, while turning towards the west-southwest as a result of trade winds. Olivia made brief landfalls on Maui and Lanai, with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), later in the day. Olivia fluctuated in intensity as it tracked away from the Hawaiian Islands, before transitioning to a post-tropical cyclone on September 14. It opened up into a trough of low-pressure several hours later.
Olivia's approach towards the Hawaiian Islands prompted the issuance of
Meteorological history
Hurricane Olivia originated from a disturbance that developed over the southwest
Soon after, Olivia began a northwestward motion as a result of a weakness in the
Cooler sea surface temperatures of 77–79 °F (25–26 °C) and low-to-mid-level dry air caused Olivia to weaken shortly after its peak.
Preparations
Hurricane Olivia's approach towards the Hawaiian Islands warranted the issuance of
Maui County closed all government offices, schools, and the court system in anticipation of Olivia's impact. The
Impact and aftermath
Olivia brought heavy rainfall, winds, and high surf to the main Hawaiian Islands, less than a month after Hurricane Lane dropped a record 58 in (1,500 mm) of rain on the state.[32][33] From September 11–12, 8–20 ft (2.4–6.1 m) high surf was reported along the northern and eastern facing shores of the Big Island, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai. Surf of this magnitude occurred along the southern and eastern shores of Oahu, and Kauai.[34] In Maui County, the Lanai Airport recorded peak wind gusts of 55 mph (89 km/h).[35] The highest rainfall occurred near West Wailuaiki on the island of Maui, peaking at 12.93 in (328 mm). Around 10.31 in (262 mm) of rain was recorded at the Manoa Lyon Arboretum on Oahu.[36] A flash flood warning was issued for Molokai and Maui.[28][37]
Olivia felled trees, caused severe flooding, and caused 6,800 power outages on Maui.
In the Honokohau Valley, multiple buildings, cars, and trees were swept away by floodwaters. At least a dozen homes were flooded after debris clogged streams, forcing the strong currents to forge new paths.
Torrential rainfall and flooding from Hurricanes Lane and Olivia reduced water flow and damaged a control gate in the Honokohau Stream ditch system. The ditch provided water to farmers as well as residential areas. The Ka Malu o Kahalawai and West Maui Preservation Association filed a complaint with the state water commission in spring 2019, alleging that the Maui Land & Pineapple Company was wasting water, causing water dearths, and not maintaining critical infrastructure. The state commission approved a motion on November 20, 2019, that The Maui Land & Pineapple Company must upgrade the damaged structures.[53] The Maui Land & Pineapple Company announced on December 4, 2019, that it began repairs on the Honokohau Stream ditch system.[54] The project cost around $300,000–$400,000, with repairs finishing on May 11, 2020.[53]
Floodwaters made eastern Molokai's only highway impassable.[37][39] At least 700 power outages occurred on the island, resulting in the closure of a school.[43] Power was restored by September 12; crews fixed multiple areas of downed lines and damaged poles.[55]
The storm caused around 1,140 power outages in
According to Aon, Olivia caused a total of US$25 million in damage throughout Hawaii.[63] United States President Donald Trump declared Hawaii a disaster area to improve the response of FEMA.[37] Bank of Hawaii allocated $25,000 to relief programs for the extension or forbearance of loans, necessary items, and home and vehicle repairs.[55] Hotel occupancy dropped an average of 2.1% in September for Maui compared to the same time in 2017 as a result of hurricanes Lane and Olivia.[64] Overall, tourism increased in the month of October despite the two storms.[65]
See also
- Weather of 2018
- Tropical cyclones in 2018
- List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes
- Other tropical cyclones named Olivia
- List of Hawaii hurricanes
- Tropical Storm Irah (1963)
- Tropical Storm Flossie (2013) – took a similar path and passed just north of Hawaii[67]
- Big Island as a tropical storm[68]
- Hurricane Darby (2016) – Category 3 hurricane that made landfall on the Big Island as a tropical storm[69]
Notes
- ^ A major hurricane is one that ranks at Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale.[3]
- ^ Conditions Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, and Zulu are a series of naval port regulations used upon the approach of a tropical cyclone to prepare the port and ships for impending tropical-storm-force winds, minimize damage, and ensure safety.[24]
References
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This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Weather Service.
External links
- The National Hurricane Center's advisory archive on Hurricane Olivia
- The Central Pacific Hurricane Center's advisory archive on Hurricane Olivia