Hurricane Zeta
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | October 24, 2020 |
Post-tropical | October 29, 2020 |
Dissipated | October 30, 2020 |
Category 3 major hurricane | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 115 mph (185 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 970 mbar (hPa); 28.64 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 9 total |
Damage | $4.4 billion (2020 USD) |
Areas affected | Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, Gulf Coast of the United States, Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic, New England, Ireland, United Kingdom |
IBTrACS / [1] | |
Part of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane and 2020–21 North American winter seasons |
Hurricane Zeta was a late-season
Numerous
Meteorological history
At 00:00 UTC on October 15, the
Dry air wrapped around the northern half of Zeta's circulation as it moved off shore over the southern Gulf of Mexico, leaving its center partially exposed,
Preparations
Cayman Islands and Jamaica
Flash flood warnings were issued in parts of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, where a small craft warning was also issued in the latter.[16][17]
Cuba
Upon formation, a
Mexico
In Quintana Roo, people were still recovering from Hurricane Delta, which hit the region about three weeks prior. The state government set up several shelters for residents and tourists, while transport was suspended.[19] Some boats that usually carry tourists anchored among mangroves to avoid the waves and winds of Hurricane Zeta.[20]
United States
Hurricane watches were issued for eastern and central coastal Louisiana and coastal Mississippi. A tropical storm watch was also issued for areas east of Intracoastal City to Morgan City, Louisiana, as well as coastal Alabama. Storm surge watches were issued for the entire area as well. The western part of watches and warnings were trimmed as the storm approached and the forecast track became better established.[21] Inland tropical storm warnings were issued as far north as southern Virginia. Two tornado watches were ultimately issued for this storm; they stretched from southeast Louisiana into southwestern Georgia.[22][23] As the storm began to merge with a cold front, winter weather advisories were issued for inland New England with the threat of accumulating snow causing problems on roads.[24]
Louisiana
On October 26, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards issued a state of emergency for the entire state.[25] The town of Grand Isle issued a mandatory evacuation on October 27 as a voluntary evacuation was ordered for Jean Lafitte that same day.[26] Tulane University moved classes to virtual learning on October 28, while also closing health centers on campus.[27] Cleco employed more than 200 new workers to help restore power in the aftermath of Zeta.[28] Several national park units were shut down to weather the storm.[29]
Mississippi
Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves declared a state of emergency ahead of Zeta on October 28.[30] This was preceded by Hattiesburg and Forrest County's emergency declarations which were issued on October 27.[31] Schools in Pascagoula, Gautier, Biloxi, and Long Beach were closed on October 28 and 29 although schools in Pascagoula and Gautier only had early releases on October 28.[32] On October 26, the entire Mississippi section of the Gulf Islands National Seashore shut down in preparation of the hurricane.[33]
Alabama
On October 27, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey issued a state of emergency.[34] Baldwin EMC stocked on supplies and put extra crews on standby ahead of Zeta to help restore power in parts of the state.[35]
Elsewhere
Tropical Storm Warnings were issued as far inland as the Carolinas and Virginia on October 28, with the likelihood of tropical-storm-force sustained winds and gusts likely in the areas.[36]
After the storm moved offshore, the threat of blowing snow and other wintry weather in New England prompted Winter Weather Advisories for much of inland New England on October 29 and 30. The residents of the area were warned of slick roads and unsuitable driving conditions with the wintry weather.[24]
Impact
Cayman Islands and Jamaica
A man and his daughter were killed in Jamaica after a landslide hit the family's home on October 24. The landslide was due to heavy rain likely from the precursor to Zeta.[37] The precursor of Zeta caused J$2 billion (US$13.7 million) in infrastructural damage.[38] Later, Zeta also caused US$18 million to roads and US$13 million in agricultural losses.[39]
Mexico
Tree branches were littered across flooded streets in
United States
A number of tornado warnings were issued in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.[43][44] Over 2 million customers in the United States lost power.[45]
Louisiana
Sustained tropical storm force winds began spreading onshore in southeastern coast of Louisiana around 18:00 UTC on October 28.
A gas station was damaged in Grand Isle and a tree fell on a home in Chauvin.[46][51] Numerous utility lines were downed in Houma and storm surge flooded LA 1 in Golden Meadow while also depositing a boat on it.[51] The eye of Zeta moved directly over New Orleans, where winds gusted to 94 mph, a large tree was snapped in Bayou St. John, and a tree was blown down onto a car in the Garden District.[52] The airport reported a pressure of 973 mb as the eye moved overhead.[50] One person was hospitalized after a roof collapsed on a building in the city,[53] and another person was also killed due to electrocution from downed power lines.[54] Overall, Zeta caused $1.25 billion damage in Louisiana.[1]
Mississippi
Bay St. Louis experienced maximum sustained winds of 80 mph with gusts to 103 mph at approximately 7:00 pm local time.
Alabama
Strong winds impacted Mobile, which was still recovering from Hurricane Sally from the month prior. The weather service at Mobile Regional Airport reported sustained winds of 48 mph (77 km/h) and a wind gust of 91 mph (146 km/h).[65] An observation at the museum ship USS Alabama reported sustained winds of 64 mph (103 km/h) while an observation at the Buccaneer Yacht Club reported a wind gust of 60 mph (97 km/h).[66] An observation in Evergreen reported sustained winds of 41 mph (66 km/h) with a wind gust of 68 mph (109 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 988 mb was reported at the Demopolis Municipal Airport as Zeta passed nearby. A National Ocean Service station at the Bayou La Batre Bridge reported 6.89 feet (2.10 m) of storm surge as well.[67] An observation in Wetumpka reported sustained winds of 44 mph (71 km/h).[12] One person died when a tree fell on a mobile home in rural Clarke County.[68] Overall, Zeta caused $825 million damage in Alabama, as well as 500,000 power outages.[69][1]
East Coast of the United States
After interacting and merging with the winter storm located over the Southern Plains, Zeta caused widespread wind damage throughout the rest of the
In North Carolina, sustained tropical-storm force winds moved over the entire state.[75] A sustained wind of 41 mph (66 km/h) and a gust to 82 mph (132 km/h) was reported at Cashiers while a sustained wind of 38 mph (61 km/h) and a gust to 51 mph (82 km/h) were reported at the Greensboro Piedmont Triad International Airport.[76][77] A sustained wind of 51 mph (82 km/h) and a gust to 72 mph (116 km/h) was also reported at a station in Conway, to the east of Roanoke Rapids.[13] As the storm raced offshore, a sustained wind of 39 mph (63 km/h) and a gust to 46 mph (74 km/h) was reported at Ocean City, Maryland.[78] Overall, Zeta caused $550 million damage in the Carolinas and $25 million in Virginia.[1]
In parts of southern
United Kingdom
Precipitation | Storm | Location | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | mm | in | |||
1 | 150.0 | 5.91 | Bertha 2014 | Inverness, Highland | [87] |
2 | 135.0 | 5.31 | Charley 1986 | Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd | [88] |
3 | 130.0 | 5.12 | Nadine 2012 | Ravensworth, North Yorkshire | [89] |
4 | 76.0 | 2.99 | Lili 1996 | Chale Bay, Isle of Wight | [90] |
5 | 61.7 | 2.43 | Zeta 2020 | Chipping, Lancashire | [91] |
6 | 48.8 | 1.92 | Grace 2009 | Capel Curig, Conwy | [92] |
7 | 42.2 | 1.66 | Gordon 2006 | Wainfleet All Saints, Lincolnshire | [93] |
8 | 38.0 | 1.50 | Gonzalo 2014 | Glenmoriston, Highland | [94] |
9 | 31.0 | 1.22 | Bill 2009 | Shap, Cumbria | [95] |
10 | 30.0 | 1.18 | Laura 2008 | Windermere, Cumbria | [96] |
The remnant energy of Zeta crossed the United Kingdom on November 1–2, less than a day after Storm Aiden had impacted the country. Due to the risk of further heavy rainfall across areas previously impacted by Aiden, the Environment Agency issued more than 40 flood alerts ahead of the arrival of Zeta's remnants.[97] The system re-intensified into a hurricane-force extratropical cyclone while centered off the western coast of Scotland on 1 November. Heavy rainfall resulted in the River Wharfe bursting its banks in West Yorkshire, flooding properties in the town of Otley.[citation needed]
It was responsible for flooding in North Wales after bringing prolonged heavy rainfall to the region.[98] The village of Dolgarrog suffered extensive damage after flash flooding inundated the entire village, including Dolgarrog railway station, causing the suspension of services along the Conwy Valley line.[98] In Betws-y-Coed, the A5 road was closed; the nearby Dolgellau Bypass was also closed due to flooding.[98] Several rivers burst their banks, including the River Dee, causing damage in Bangor-on-Dee, Corwen, Llangollen and Wrexham.[98] In Trefriw, officers from North Wales Police rescued several residents from flooded homes overnight.[99]
High winds also caused disruption to transport. Along the A55 road in north Wales, speed restrictions were in place on the Britannia Bridge and around Conwy Tunnel, while Dyfi Bridge on the A487 was closed. The A525 was blocked by fallen trees. The M62 motorway was closed between Leeds and Manchester after high winds caused a lorry to overturn, landing on top of a van in the next lane. At Birmingham Airport, high winds caused difficulty for arriving aircraft.[100]
Records and naming
Upon formation, Zeta became the earliest 27th Atlantic tropical or subtropical storm on record, surpassing the old mark of November 29, set by Hurricane Epsilon in 2005.[4] It also became the latest major hurricane to strike the continental United States in the calendar year on record, surpassing the 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane.[101]
The 2020 season was the second (along with 2005) in which an alphabetic list of 21 storm names had been exhausted, necessitating use of the Greek alphabet auxiliary list. In March 2021, the World Meteorological Organization replaced that auxiliary list with a new 21-name supplemental list. As a result, the name Zeta will not be used to name another Atlantic hurricane.[102]
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2020
- List of Louisiana hurricanes (2000–present)
- List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
- List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes
- 1921 Tampa Bay hurricane – The second latest major hurricane to strike the continental United States in a calendar year on record
- Hurricane Camille (1969) – Category 5 hurricane which caused catastrophic impact on Mississippi Coast
- Hurricane Juan (1985) – Category 1 hurricane that became the longest lasting hurricane ever recorded in Louisiana
- Hurricane Katrina (2005) – Destructive hurricane which caused catastrophic impacts to similar areas as a high-end Category 3 hurricane
- Hurricane Ida (2009) – Category 2 hurricane that affected similar areas in November 2009
- Hurricane Sandy (2012) – Another hurricane which produced rare snowfall
- Hurricane Nate (2017) – Category 1 hurricane which brought similar impacts to Mississippi in October 2017
- Hurricane Delta (2020) – Category 4 hurricane that took a similar track three weeks earlier
- Hurricane Ida (2021) – Category 4 hurricane that took a similar track a year later
Notes
- ^ The position of Zeta's Category 3 peak is not depicted in this graphic as it is an asynoptic point (i.e. not at the 6-hour intervals of all other points) occurring at 21:00 UTC October 28, the time of Louisiana landfall.
References
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{{cite report}}
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ignored (help) - ^ WLOX Staff (October 29, 2020). "Cars underwater at the Golden Nugget Casino". Biloxi, Mississippi: WLOX. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
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ignored (help) - ^ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
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ignored (help) - ^ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
{{cite report}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
{{cite report}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Preliminary Local Storm Report...Corrected. National Weather Service Raw Text Product (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. October 29, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
{{cite report}}
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External links
- The National Hurricane Center's Advisory Archive on Hurricane Zeta