Hussein Dey
Hussein Dey | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dey-Pasha | |||||
Smyrne, Ottoman Empire | |||||
Died | 1838 Alexandria | ||||
Spouse | Lella Fatma | ||||
Issue | Nafissa Hanem El Hadj Omar Amina Hanem unnamed daughter | ||||
| |||||
Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Occupation | Khodjet al-khil (minister) |
Hussein Dey (real name Hüseyin bin Hüseyin; 1765 – 1838;
Early life
He was born either in
In 1818 following the death of the previous Dey, the
Rule
Husseyn Dey succeeded
French conquest of Algeria
In an attempt by Charles X of France to increase his popularity amongst the French, he sought to bolster patriotic sentiment, and turn eyes away from his domestic policies, by "skirmishing against the dey".[7] This eventually lead to the French conquest of Algeria.
The Fly Whisk Incident
In the 1790s, France had contracted to purchase wheat for the French army from two Jewish merchants in Algiers, Messrs. Bakri-Busnach, and was in arrears paying them. These merchants themselves had debts to the dey and claimed inability to pay those debts until France paid its debts to them. The dey had unsuccessfully negotiated with Pierre Deval, the French consul, to rectify this situation, and he suspected Deval of collaborating with the merchants against him, especially when the French government made no provisions to repay the merchants in 1820. Deval's nephew Alexandre, the consul in Annaba, further angered the dey by fortifying French storehouses in Annaba and El Kala against the terms of prior agreements.[8]
After a contentious meeting in which Deval refused to provide satisfactory answers on 29 April 1827, the dey struck Deval with his
Invasion of Algiers (June 1830)
34 000 French soldiers landed at Sidi Fredj 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Algiers on June 14, 1830 and entered Algiers on 5 July after a three-week campaign against the Dey. Hussein Dey agreed to surrender in exchange for his freedom and the offer to retain possession of his personal wealth. This marked the end of the Deylik and the start of French rule in Algeria.
Exile
On July 15, 1830, five days after his surrender to the French, Husseyn Dey left Algiers with his family, his harem and his personal fortune on the French ship Jeanne d'Arc. His request for permission to live in France having been refused by Charles X, he settled in Naples.[10] He stayed in Italy for three years and died in Alexandria in 1838.
Legacy
A suburb of the city of Algiers has been named after Hussein Dey and the district that surrounds it bears the same name. The top tier football team NA Hussein Dey is based here.
References
- ^ Association, American Historical (1918). General Index to Papers and Annual Reports of the American Historical Association, 1884-1914. U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ISBN 978-0-903274-16-6.
- ^ The Asiatic Quarterly Review. Swan Sonnenshein & Company. 1890.
- ^ Estry, Stephen d' (1841). Histoire d'Alger: de son territoire et de ses habitants, ... (in French). Mame.
- ISBN 978-9961-0-0099-1.
- ^ Fleury, Georges. Comment l'Algérie devint française (1830-1848)
- ^ "Algeria, Colonial Rule". Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 39. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
- ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil. A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period, p. 249
- ^ Abun-Nasr, p. 250
- ^ Hugo, Abel. 1835. France pittoresque