Hvar
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Geography | |
---|---|
Location | Adriatic Sea |
Coordinates | 43°09′N 16°45′E / 43.150°N 16.750°E |
Area | 297.37 km2 (114.82 sq mi) |
Length | 68 km (42.3 mi) |
Coastline | 270 km (168 mi) |
Highest elevation | 628 m (2060 ft) |
Highest point | Sv. Nikola |
Administration | |
Croatia | |
County | Split-Dalmatia |
Largest settlement | Hvar (pop. 3,527) |
Demographics | |
Population | 10,678 (2021) |
Pop. density | 36.1/km2 (93.5/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | Croats |
Hvar (pronounced
History
Hvar's location at the centre of the
The 16th century was an unsettled time, with the
One industry,
Geography
The island of Hvar is located in the
Landscape
Hvar is a high east–west ridge of Mesozoic limestone and dolomite, which was part of the mainland until approximately 11,000 years ago. Around that time, sea levels rose, filling the valleys that are now the channels between the islands.[9] Hvar has a typical karst landscape, which means limited or no surface water, despite adequate rainfall, which disappears quickly into crevices in the ground. Farming in such areas requires careful conservation of water and protection of the soil against erosion. The water cisterns in the fields, and the dry-stone walls, especially terracing on the slopes are necessary for the continued success of agriculture on the island.[10]
The island has a typical
Hvar island is 68 kilometres (42 mi) long, and only 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) at its widest point. It covers an area of 297 square kilometres (115 sq mi), the 4th largest of the Adriatic islands by area, and has a coastline length of 254.2 kilometres (158.0 mi). The highest peak is Sv. Nikola, at 628 metres (2,060 ft).[5]
Administration and population
The island is part of Split-Dalmatia County in Dalmatia, Croatia. The island has two towns (Hvar and Stari Grad) and two municipalities (Jelsa and Sućuraj). Population figures are from 2021.[3]
- Venetian Empire. The town includes the settlements of Brusje (174), Hvar (3,519), Jagodna (43), Malo Grablje (3), Milna (77), Sveta Nedjelja (135), Velo Grablje (20) and Zaraće (8).[3]
- Jelsa, municipality in the central part of the island (pop 3,501). The municipality includes the settlements of Gdinj (122), Gromin Dolac (6), Humac (uninhabited), Ivan Dolac (68), Jelsa (1,753), Pitve (90), Poljica (53), Svirče (385), Vrboska (542), Vrisnik (186), Zastražišće (126), Zavala (170).
- Split. The town includes the settlements of Dol (305), Rudina (79), Selca kod Starog Grada (9), Stari Grad (1,921) and Vrbanj(458).
- Sućuraj, municipality on the eastern end of the island (pop 426), nearest to the mainland, where a regular car ferry service connects the island with the port of Drvenik. The municipality includes the settlements of Bogomolje (121), Selca kod Bogomolja (12) and Sućuraj (293).
Climate
Hvar (Town of Hvar) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hvar (Stari Grad) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The climate of Hvar is
Climate data for Hvar (1971–2000, extremes 1858–2014) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
23.4 (74.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.5 (99.5) |
37.7 (99.9) |
34.4 (93.9) |
31.5 (88.7) |
25.7 (78.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
37.7 (99.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.4 (79.5) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
5.9 (42.6) |
7.7 (45.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −7 (19) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
9.7 (49.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
−3 (27) |
−5 (23) |
−7 (19) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 68.4 (2.69) |
55.7 (2.19) |
62.7 (2.47) |
54.1 (2.13) |
46.7 (1.84) |
34.4 (1.35) |
26.4 (1.04) |
45.2 (1.78) |
63.7 (2.51) |
79.3 (3.12) |
94.0 (3.70) |
83.2 (3.28) |
713.7 (28.10) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.8 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 11.3 | 10.4 | 99.8 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
68.7 | 65.0 | 66.4 | 65.5 | 66.6 | 63.7 | 58.8 | 61.0 | 65.4 | 67.8 | 68.5 | 69.0 | 65.5 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 133.3 | 155.4 | 195.3 | 222.0 | 288.3 | 324.0 | 365.8 | 334.8 | 258.0 | 198.4 | 135.0 | 124.0 | 2,734.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 47 | 55 | 56 | 59 | 68 | 76 | 84 | 81 | 71 | 61 | 49 | 46 | 65 |
Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service[12][13] |
History
The first inhabitants of Hvar Island were Neolithic people who probably established trade links between Hvar and the eastern shores of the
Following Roman victory in the
In the early Middle Ages,
Hvar is important to the
The
Economy
Residents of Hvar mostly work in the fishing and tourism industries. Hvar has a very mild Mediterranean climate, several beaches and Mediterranean vegetation that make it one of the most attractive tourist centres in Europe. The island promotes itself as "the sunniest spot in Europe", with over 2715 hours of sunlight in an average year.
Another major economic activity is the cultivation of
Hvar is also one of the two most famous winemaking zones in Croatia. Vineyards on the southern side of the island are famous for red wines produced from the Plavac Mali grape. The central plain between Stari Grad and Jelsa is famous for its white wines.[citation needed]
Etymology
As a
From the 7th century onwards, the Byzantine Theme of Dalmatia, including Fara, was settled by the Pannonian Avars and Croats. However, the population initially remained culturally Illyro-Roman and part of the Byzantine Roman world.[citation needed] Under the linguistic influence of the newcomers, the official name became Quarra – because the Slavic languages did not originally have the /f/-sound. Later, the name was Slavicised further as Hvar.[citation needed]
Since the late 11th century, the
See also
- Hvar Observatory
- List of ancient cities in Illyria
References
- ^ Duplančić Leder, Tea; Ujević, Tin; Čala, Mendi (June 2004). "Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1:25 000" (PDF). Geoadria. 9 (1). . Retrieved 6 December 2019.
- ^ a b Island Hvar. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ a b c Census of Population, Households and Dwellings. Republic of Croatia: Central Bureau of Statistics. 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ Novak, Grga (1960) [1924]. Hvar Kroz Stoljeća (Hvar Through the Centuries). Historijski Arhiv - Hvar (Historical Archives of Hvar) (in Croatian). Vol. I (2nd ed.). Narodni Odbor Općine Hvar (National Council of Hvar Municipality).
- ^ ISBN 9789539672803.
- ISBN 9781884964022.
- ^ Tourist Board of City of Hvar. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2009.
- ^ Top Islands. Conde Nast Traveler:Readers' Choice Awards. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2009.
- ^ S.Forbaher. Prehistoric Populations of the Island of Hvar. Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014.
- ^ Janislav Kapelj & Sanja Kapelj. The hydrogeological function of the karst poljes on some islands of the Adriatic Sea (PDF). Institute of Geology, Department for hydrogeology and engineering geology, Zagreb, Croatia.
- ^ "Hvar, Croatia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase.
- ^ "Hvar Climate Normals" (PDF). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ "Mjesečne vrijednosti za Hvar u razdoblju1858−2014" (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
- ISBN 0-631-19807-5, page 114,"... in the early history of the colony settled in 385 BC on the island Pharos (Hvar) from the Aegean island Paros, famed for its marble. In traditional fashion they accepted the guidance of an oracle, ..."
- .
À côté des productions des orfèvres locaux, les données livrées par la numismatique sont aussi intéressantes car elles fournissent quelques éléments utiles pour mieux cerner l'importance symbolique rattachée au serpent chez les peuples illyriens : ce reptile apparaît sur les monnaies de la première frappe de Pharos – colonie parienne fondée sur l'actuelle île de Hvar, en Dalmatie, au début du ive siècle av. J.-C. – où il est représenté à côté d'un bouc. Dans la lecture qu'en a faite Aleksandar Stipcevic, le bouc, qui représenterait les colons grecs, aurait manifesté une attitude hostile et agressive envers le reptile, symbole des populations autochtones illyriennes
- ^ "Vučetić, Ivan | Hrvatska enciklopedija". www.enciklopedija.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ Strabo, Geography, 7.5.5
External links
- Official site of Hvar Island
- Hvar travel guide from Wikivoyage