Hydrolase

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In

catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond
:

This typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are esterases including lipases, phosphatases, glycosidases, peptidases, and nucleosidases.

Esterases cleave ester bonds in

acetylcholine esterase, which assists in transforming the neuron impulse into the acetate group after the hydrolase breaks the acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.[1] Acetic acid is an important metabolite in the body and a critical intermediate for other reactions such as glycolysis. Lipases hydrolyze glycerides. Glycosidases cleave sugar molecules off carbohydrates and peptidases hydrolyze peptide bonds. Nucleosidases hydrolyze the bonds of nucleotides.[2]

Hydrolase enzymes are important for the body because they have degradative properties. In lipids, lipases contribute to the breakdown of fats and lipoproteins and other larger molecules into smaller molecules like fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids and other small molecules are used for synthesis and as a source of energy.[1]

Nomenclature

Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "

substrate hydrolase." However, common names are typically in the form "substrate base". For example, a nuclease is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids
.

Classification

Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:

Clinical considerations

Hydrolase secreted by

bile salts that aids in the digestion of food.[3]

Membrane-associated hydrolases

Many hydrolases, and especially

.

Etymology and pronunciation

The word hydrolase (

combining form of -ase to the hydrol syllables of hydrolysis
.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Hydrolase - Chemistry Encyclopedia - water, examples, molecule". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  2. ^ "hydrolase | class of enzymes | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  3. PMID 24793619
    .
  4. ^ "Superfamilies of single-pass transmembrane hydrolases". membranome.org. July 2018. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2018.