Hydrolase
In
This typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules. Some common examples of hydrolase enzymes are esterases including lipases, phosphatases, glycosidases, peptidases, and nucleosidases.
Esterases cleave ester bonds in
Hydrolase enzymes are important for the body because they have degradative properties. In lipids, lipases contribute to the breakdown of fats and lipoproteins and other larger molecules into smaller molecules like fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids and other small molecules are used for synthesis and as a source of energy.[1]
Nomenclature
Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "
Classification
Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:
- EC 3.1: ester bonds (esterases: nucleases, phosphodiesterases, lipase, phosphatase)
- EC 3.2: sugars (DNA glycosylases, glycoside hydrolase)
- EC 3.3: ether bonds
- EC 3.4: peptide bonds (Proteases/peptidases)
- carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
- EC 3.6 acid anhydrides (acid anhydride hydrolases, including helicases and GTPase)
- carbon-carbon bonds
- EC 3.8 halide bonds
- EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.10: sulphur-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.11: carbon-phosphorus bonds
- EC 3.12: sulfur-sulfur bonds
- carbon-sulfur bonds
Clinical considerations
Hydrolase secreted by
Membrane-associated hydrolases
Many hydrolases, and especially
Etymology and pronunciation
The word hydrolase (
See also
References
- ^ a b "Hydrolase - Chemistry Encyclopedia - water, examples, molecule". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2018-04-29.
- ^ "hydrolase | class of enzymes | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
- PMID 24793619.
- ^ "Superfamilies of single-pass transmembrane hydrolases". membranome.org. July 2018. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
- EC 3 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London, covers only 3.1-3.4
- More detailed taxonomy