Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia of certain tissues may cause disease. Pathologic hyperplasia in these tissues may occur due to infection, physiological stress or trauma, or abnormal levels of particular hormones, such as estrogen, ACTH, or cortisol.[17]

Types

Some of the more commonly known clinical forms of hyperplasia, or conditions leading to hyperplasia, include:

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia, also known as prostate enlargement.^[1]
• Cushing's disease – Physiopathology of hyperplasia of adrenal cortex due to increased circulating level of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).^[18]
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia – Inherited disorder of gland (adrenal).^[19]
• neoplastic process which can lead to endometrial adenocarcinoma.^[20] The development of endometrial adenocarcinoma from endometrial hyperplasia is a typical example of how the effects of pathologic hyperplasia can lead to neoplasia, and females who exhibit hyperplasia of the endometrium are indeed more likely to develop cancer of these cells.^[15]

• Hemihyperplasia – When only half (or one side) of the body is affected, sometimes generating limbs of different lengths.^[21]
• Hyperplasia of the breast – "Hyperplastic" lesions of the breast include usual ductal hyperplasia, a focal expansion of the number of cells in a terminal breast duct, and atypical ductal hyperplasia, in which a more abnormal pattern of growth is seen, and which is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.^[2]
• Intimal hyperplasia – The thickening of the tunica intima of a blood vessel as a complication of a reconstruction procedure or endarterectomy. Intimal hyperplasia is the universal response of a vessel to injury and is an important reason of late bypass graft failure, particularly in vein and synthetic vascular grafts.^[22]
• human papillomavirus (HPV). Heck's disease has not been known to cause cancer.^[23]
• Myofibre hyperplasia (also known as double-muscling) – seen in cattle, genetic mutations cause large muscles due to increased proliferation of myofibres and decreased adipose tissue.^[24]
• Sebaceous hyperplasia – In this condition, small yellowish growths develop on the skin, usually on the face. This condition is neither contagious nor dangerous.^[25]
• Compensatory liver hyperplasia – The liver undergoes cellular division after acute injury, resulting in new cells that restore liver function back to baseline. Approximately 75% of the liver can be acutely damaged or resected with seemingly full regeneration through hepatocyte division, i.e., hyperplasia. This is what makes living-donor liver transplants possible.^[26]
• Epidermal hyperplasia of the skin^{[citation needed}
  ]

See also

• List of biological development disorders
• Hyperplasia of midface

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
2. ^
   ISBN 978-1-4160-2612-9
   .
3. ISBN 978-0-8036-2647-8
   .
4. ^ "Hyperplasia". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
5. ^
   ISBN 9789350259368
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6. ISBN 978-0-323-29172-9
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7. ISBN 978-0-7817-6250-2
   .
8. ISBN 978-0-7817-7324-9
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9. ISBN 978-1-58255-724-3
   .
10. ISBN 978-1-4419-6076-4
    .
11. ISBN 978-1-4504-1227-8
    .
12. ISBN 978-0-316-08673-8
    .
13. ISBN 978-1-61530-731-9
    .
14. ISBN 978-0-8036-3897-6
    .
15. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8089-2432-6
    .
16. ISBN 978-1-60795-014-1
    .
17. ^ Kemp WL, Burns DK, Brown TG. "Pathology: The Big Picture". AccessMedicine. McGraw Hill Medical. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
18. ^ "Cushing disease". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
19. ^ "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
20. ^ "Endometrial Hyperplasia". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Retrieved 2015-05-30.
21. ^ "Hemihyperplasia - Glossary Entry". Genetics Home Reference. National Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 2015-05-30.
22. PMID 17974015
    .
23. ISBN 9789350252147
    .
24. ^ Swatland, Howard (January 1974). "Developmental disorders of skeletal muscle in cattle, pigs and sheep". The Veterinary Bulletin. 44 (4): 187–189 – via ResearchGate.
25. ISBN 978-1-84076-615-8
    .
26. ISBN 978-0-323-29635-9
    .

Further reading

• Bachmann A, de la Rosette J (2011-11-24). Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men. OUP Oxford.
  ISBN 978-0-19-957277-9
  .

External links

Scholia has a topic profile for Hyperplasia.