Hypersalivation
| Hypersalivation | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ptyalism,[1] sialorrhea,[2] water brash |
| Specialty | Oral and maxillofacial surgery  |
Hypersalivation or hypersialosis is the excessive production of saliva.[3] It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva.[4]
Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva, which can lead to excessive spitting.
Hypersalivation also often precedes
Causes
Excessive production
Conditions that can cause saliva overproduction include:[4]
- Rabies
- Pellagra (niacin or Vitamin B3 deficiency)[6]
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease, in such cases specifically called a water brash (a loosely defined lay term), and is characterized by a sour fluid or almost tasteless saliva in the mouth[7]
- Gastroparesis (main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, and reflux)
- Pregnancy
- Fluoride therapy
- Excessive starch intake
- Anxiety (common sign of separation anxiety in dogs)
- Pancreatitis
- Liver disease
- Serotonin syndrome
- Mouth ulcers[medical citation needed]
- Oral infections
- Sjögren syndrome (an early symptom in some patients)[8]
Medications that can cause overproduction of saliva include:[4]
Substances that can cause hypersalivation include:[4]
Decreased clearance
Causes of decreased clearance of saliva include:[4]
- Infections such as tonsillitis, retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses, epiglottitis and mumps.
- Problems with the jaw, e.g., fracture or dislocation
- Radiation therapy
- Neurologic disorders such as facial nerve palsy, and hypoglossal nerve palsy
Treatment
Hypersalivation is optimally treated by treating or avoiding the underlying cause.[4] Mouthwash and tooth brushing may have drying effects.[4]
In the palliative care setting,
As of 2008, it is unclear if medication for people who have too much saliva due to clozapine treatment is useful.[10]
References
- ^ thefreedictionar.com > ptyalism Citing:
- Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
- Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
- Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007
- ^
thefreedictionary.com > sialorrhea Citing:
- The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Updated in 2009.
- ^ "hypersalivation". Merriam-Webster's Medical Desk Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster. 1986. p. 371 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f g Medscape > Hypersalivation By Erica Brownfield. Posted: 05/19/2004(registration required)
- ISBN 978-0702027635.)
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Reynolds, Gretchen. "Well". The New York Times.
- ^ thefreedictionary.com > water brash Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
- ^ [1] Rheumatology
- ^ Medical Care of the Dying, 4th Edition, 2006, Edited by G.Michael Downing MD and Wendy Wainwright, MEd
- PMID 18646130.