Hypochromic anemia
Hypochromic anemia is a generic term for any type of
Red blood cells will also be small (microcytic), leading to substantial overlap with the category of microcytic anemia. The most common causes of this kind of anemia are iron deficiency and thalassemia.
Hypochromic anemia was historically known as chlorosis or green sickness for the distinct skin tinge sometimes present in patients, in addition to more general symptoms such as a lack of energy, shortness of breath,
Historical understanding
- Pandar
- Now, the pox upon her green-sickness for me!
- Bawd
- 'Faith, there's no way to be rid on't but by the way to the pox. Here comes the Lord Lysimachus disguised.
- Shakespeare (attrib).
Pericles Prince of Tyre[3]
In 1554, German physician
In addition to "green sickness", the condition was known as morbus virgineus ("virgin's disease") or febris amatoria ("lover's fever"). Francis Grose's 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue defined "green sickness" as: "The disease of maids occasioned by celibacy."[6]
In 1681, English physician
Chlorosis is briefly mentioned in
In 1841, the Bohemian doctor and pharmacist Albert Popper published a treatment for Chlorosis containing Vitriolum martis (sulfuric acid and iron) and Sal tartari (potassium carbonate) in Österreichische medicinische Wochenschrift which was republished and refined in the following years.[8][9][10][11][12]
In 1845, the French writer Auguste Saint-Arroman gave a recipe for a treatment by medicinal chocolate that included iron filings in his De L'action du café, du thé et du chocolat sur la santé, et de leur influence sur l'intelligence et le moral de l'homme[13] and in 1872, French physician Armand Trousseau also advocated treatment with iron, although he still classified chlorosis as a "nervous disease".[14][15][16]
In 1887, physician
In 1936, Arthur J. Patek and Clark W. Heath of Harvard Medical School concluded that chlorosis was identical to hypochromic anemia.[17] More recently, some people have suggested that it may have been endometriosis, but the historical descriptions cannot easily be mapped on to this condition.[18]
Acquired forms
Hypochromic anemia may be caused by
Hereditary forms
Hypochromic anemia occurs in patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload. The condition is
It also occurs in patients with hereditary iron refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA). Patients with IRIDA have very low serum iron and transferrin saturation, but their serum ferritin is normal or high. The anemia is usually moderate in severity and presents later in childhood.[22]
Hypochromic anemia is also caused by
See also
- Microcytic anemia
- Iron deficiency anemia
- List of circulatory system conditions
- List of hematologic conditions
- Green children of Woolpit
Notes
- ^ Merritt, Brain Y. (February 12, 2014). "Medscape: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Interpretation". Retrieved February 19, 2017.
- ^ Merritt, Brain Y. (February 12, 2014). "Medscape: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Reference Range". Retrieved February 19, 2017.
- Pericles Prince of Tyre, Act 4, Scene 6: A room in the brothel. First published 1609.
- ^ a b King, Helen (2004). The Disease of Virgins: Greensickness, chlorosis and the problems of puberty. Routledge. p. 24.
- ^ Paster, Gail Kern (2004). Humoring the Body: Emotions and the Shakespearian Stage. University of Chicago Press. p. 89.
- ^ 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose
- ^ Turner, Daniel (1714). De Morbis Cutaneis: a treatise of diseases incident to the skin. London. pp. 90–91, 94.
- ^ von Raimann, Johannes Nepomuk (17 July 1841). "Vitriolum Martis artefactum und Sal Tartari gegen Chlorosi". Österreichische Medicinische Wochenschrift. 3 (29). Braumüller und Seidel, Vienna: 676–677.
- ^ Schmidt, Carl Christian (1842). Jahrbücher der in- und ausländischen gesammten Medicin, Volume 35. Leipzig. p. 198.
- ^ Dierbach, Johann Heinrich (1843). Die neuesten Entdeckungen in der Materia Medica: für praktische Aerzte geordnet, Volume 2. Heidelberg. pp. 1267–1268.
- ^ "On the Mode of prescribing and preparing Pills composed of the Sulphate of Iron and Carbonate of Potass". The Medical Times: A Journal of English and Foreign Medicine, and Miscellany of Medical Affairs. 13. J. Angerstein Carfrae, Essex Street, Strand, London: 255. 28 March 1846.
- ^ Anton, Karl Christian (1857). Vollständiges, pathologisch geordnetes Taschenbuch der bewährtesten Heilformeln fuer innere Krankheiten:Mit einer ausfuehrlichen Gaben- und Formenlehre, so wie mit therapeutischen Einleitungen und den noethigen Bemerkungen ueber die specielle Anwendung der Recepte. Leipzig. p. 209.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Louis E. Grivetti, "From Aphrodisiac to Health Food: A Cultural History of Chocolate" Karger Gazette 6 no. 68.
- PMID 7616296.
- ^ Disease of Virgins; Green Sickness, Chlorosis and the Problems of Puberty by Helen King
- ^ The appetite as a voice, by Joan Brumberg, pages. 164-165.
- .
- ISBN 9780857295859.
- ISBN 1-125-44734-6[page needed]
- PMID 1578956.
- ^ Reference, Genetics Home. "hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- PMID 24215034.
- ^ "BMJ Blogs: The BMJ » Blog Archive » Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . More medical patronymics". blogs.bmj.com. July 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-30.