Bleeding diathesis
Bleeding diathesis | |
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Other names | Haemorrhagic diathesis, Hemorrhagic diathesis |
A bleeding wound in the finger | |
Specialty | Hematology |
In
Signs and symptoms
Symptom | Disorders |
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Petechiae (red spots)
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ecchymoses
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Blood in stool |
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Bleeding gingiva (gums)
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Prolonged nose bleeds
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Complications
Following are some complications of coagulopathies, some of them caused by their treatments:
Complication | Disorders |
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Soft tissue bleeding, e.g. deep-muscle bleeding, leading to swelling, numbness or pain of a limb. |
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Joint damage, potentially with severe pain and even destruction of the joint and development of arthritis |
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Retinal bleeding
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Transfusion transmitted infection, from blood transfusions that are given as treatment. |
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Adverse reactions to clotting factor treatment. |
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Anemia | |
Exsanguination (bleeding to death) |
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Cerebral hemorrhage
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Causes
While there are several possible causes, they generally result in excessive bleeding and a lack of clotting.[citation needed]
Acquired
Acquired causes of coagulopathy include
Autoimmune causes of acquired coagulation disorders
There are autoimmune causes of coagulation disorders. They include acquired antibodies to coagulation factors, termed inhibitors of coagulation. The main inhibitor is directed against clotting factor VIII. Another example is antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state.[citation needed]
Causes other than coagulation
Bleeding diathesis may also be caused by impaired wound healing (as in scurvy), or by thinning of the skin, such as in Cushing's syndrome.[citation needed]
Genetic
Some people lack
Diagnosis
Comparing coagulation tests
Condition | Prothrombin time | Partial thromboplastin time | Bleeding time | Platelet count
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin K deficiency or warfarin | Prolonged | Normal or mildly prolonged | Unaffected | Unaffected |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation | Prolonged | Prolonged | Prolonged | Decreased |
Von Willebrand disease | Unaffected | Prolonged or unaffected | Prolonged | Unaffected |
Hemophilia
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Unaffected | Prolonged | Unaffected | Unaffected |
Aspirin | Unaffected | Unaffected | Prolonged | Unaffected |
Thrombocytopenia | Unaffected | Unaffected | Prolonged | Decreased |
Liver failure, early | Prolonged | Unaffected | Unaffected | Unaffected |
Liver failure, end-stage | Prolonged | Prolonged | Prolonged | Decreased |
Uremia | Unaffected | Unaffected | Prolonged | Unaffected |
Congenital afibrinogenemia | Prolonged | Prolonged | Prolonged | Unaffected |
Factor V deficiency | Prolonged | Prolonged | Unaffected | Unaffected |
Factor X deficiency as seen in amyloid purpura | Prolonged | Prolonged | Unaffected | Unaffected |
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia | Unaffected | Unaffected | Prolonged | Unaffected |
Bernard–Soulier syndrome | Unaffected | Unaffected | Prolonged | Decreased or unaffected |
Factor XII deficiency | Unaffected | Prolonged | Unaffected | Unaffected |
C1INH deficiency | Unaffected | Shortened | Unaffected | Unaffected |
Treatments
Consult a
Blood transfusion involves the transfer of plasma containing all the necessary coagulating factors (fibrinogen, prothrombin, thromboplastin) to help restore them and to improve the immune defense of the patient after excessive blood loss. Blood transfusion also caused the transfer of platelets that can work along with coagulating factors for blood clotting to commence.[11]
Different drugs can be prescribed depending on the type of disease. Vitamins (K, P and C) are essential in case of obstruction to walls of blood vessels. Also, vitamin K is required for the production of blood clotting factors, hence the injection of vitamin K (phytomenadione) is recommended to boost blood clotting.[12]
References
- ^ "Bleeding Diathesis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments". Doctors Health Press - Daily Free Health Articles and Natural Health Advice. 2017-06-23. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
- .
- PMID 24365370.
- ^ a b c d e Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine The International Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (IPOPI).
- ^ ISBN 978-0-397-51690-2. 446 pages
- ^ a b c Vitamin K Deficiency eMedicine. Author: Pankaj Patel, MD. Coauthor(s): Mageda Mikhail, MD, Assistant Professor. Updated: Dec 18, 2008
- ^ a b c d Hemophilia Complications By Mayo Clinic staff. May 16, 2009
- ^ a b c d Von Willebrand disease --> Complications By Mayo Clinic staff. Feb. 7, 2009
- PMID 23393464.
- ^ "Prothrombin Time (PT) w/INR and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Blood Test". Walk-In Lab. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
- ^ "Hemorrhagic diathesis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment | Competently about health on iLive". iliveok.com. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
- ^ "Treatments for bleeding disorders". Netdoctor. 2015-11-03. Retrieved 2018-09-17.