Hypoplasia
| -plasia and -trophy |
|---|
|
|
Hypoplasia (from
congenital condition, while hyperplasia generally refers to excessive cell growth later in life. (Atrophy
, the wasting away of already existing cells, is technically the direct opposite of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.)
Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ. It is descriptive of many
medical conditions
, including underdevelopment of organs such as:
- Breasts during puberty
- Klinefelter's syndrome
- Thymus in DiGeorge syndrome
- Labia majora in popliteal pterygium syndrome
- Corpus callosum, connecting the two sides of the brain, in agenesis of the corpus callosum
- Cerebellum caused by mutation in the reelin gene
- Turner's hypoplasia
- Chambers of the heart in hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- Optic nerve in optic nerve hypoplasia
- sacral agenesis
- Facial muscle in asymmetric crying facies
- Thumb from birth
- Lungs, often as a result of oligohydramnios during gestation or the existence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Small bowel in coeliac disease
- ears in harlequin-type ichthyosis
- Mandible in congenital hypothyroidism
See also
- Atrophy, when an existing part wastes away
- List of biological development disorders
References
- ^ Definition: hypoplasia. Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology (11 March 2008)
- ^ Hypoplasia. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. lww.com