Hyporthodus exsul

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Hyporthodus exsul

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Genus: Hyporthodus
Species:
H. exsul
Binomial name
Hyporthodus exsul
(Fowler, 1944)
Synonyms[2]
  • Serrihastaperca exsul Fowler, 1944
  • Epinephelus exsul (Fowler, 1944)

The tenspine grouper (Hyporthodus exsul) is a species of marine

Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found along the western coast of Mexico and Central America
, but is a very rare fish of which little information exists.

Description

The tenspine grouper has a robust, relatively deep body

caudal fin is rounded.[4] The adults are an overall greyish brown colour. The juveniles are a similar colour but are marked with large white spots over their body and the bases of the dorsal and anal fins with darker dorsal, anal and pelvic fins, while the outer parts of the caudal and, in some specimens, the tail is white. Both adults and juveniles have a black maxillary stripe.[3] This species attains a maximum total length of 125 centimetres (49 in).[2]

Distribution

The tenspine grouper is found on the Pacific coast of Central America from the Gulf of California south along the coastlines of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.[1]

Habitat and biology

The tenspine grouper is a demersal species which can be found on rocky reefs to depths of at least 72 metres (236 ft). It has been taken as bycatch by shrimp fisheries which suggests it lives over sandy or muddy bottoms, although this requires confirmation. It forms aggregations over complex reefs with high-relief but whether this is related to spawning is not yet known.[1] It is a rare species and its biology is little studied.[4] It is thought to feed on cephalopods, crustaceans and smaller fishes.[3]

Taxonomy

The tenspine grouper was first formally

type biology given as about 20 miles south of Mazatlán in Mexico.[5] It was considered to be in the genus Epinephelus but is now considered to belong to the genus Hyporthodus.[6]

Utlisation

The tenspine grouper is a rare species and, as such, is of little interest to fisheries.[1]

Sources

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T7855A100569870.en
    . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2020). "Hyorthodus exsul" in FishBase. April 2020 version.
  3. ^ a b c "Species: Hyporthodus exsul, Black grouper, Ten-spine grouper". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  4. ^
    ISBN 92-5-103125-8
    .
  5. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Serrihastaperca exsul". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  6. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). Species of Hyporthodus in FishBase. December 2019 version.
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