I. F. Stone
I. F. Stone | |
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Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. | |
Resting place | Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts |
Occupation | Investigative journalist |
Employer(s) | New York Post, The Nation, PM |
Known for | I. F. Stone's Weekly |
Children | Inter alia, Jeremy, Christopher D. |
Website | www |
Signature | |
Isidor Feinstein Stone (December 24, 1907 – June 18, 1989) was an American
Known for his politically progressive views, Stone is best remembered for I. F. Stone's Weekly (1953–1971), a newsletter which the New York University journalism department in 1999 ranked 16th among the top hundred works of journalism in the U.S. in the twentieth century and second place among print journalism publications.[3][4] Stone's reputation has been dogged by allegations of contact with or espionage for the Soviet Union.
Early life
External videos | |
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Robert MacNeil Report | |
November 14, 1975, segment starts at 3:00 American Archive of Public Broadcasting[5] |
I. F. Stone was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to
Stone attended
After advice from a newspaper editor in 1937, Stone changed his professional journalistic byline from Isidore Feinstein Stone to I. F. Stone; the editor had told him that his political reportage would be better received if he minimized his Jewish identity. Years later, Stone acknowledged being remorseful about having changed his professional name, thereby yielding to the systemic
Politics in the 1930s
Influenced by the social work of
During the 1930s, Stone was an active member of the communist-dominated
This article is part of a series on |
Socialism in the United States |
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During the 1930s, as a
However, in 1939, following the signing of the
Affiliations
A former editor of The Nation, Victor Navasky, said that plain, solid work characterized Stone's investigative journalism. He was an old-school reporter who did his homework and perused public-domain records (official government and private-industry documents) for the facts and figures, the data, and quotations that would substantiate his reportage about the matters of the day.
As a liberal, politically outspoken reporter from the American left wing, Stone often had to work in ideologically hostile environments (military, diplomatic, business) where information was controlled, making verifiability the essence of his journalism, corroborated by facts in the public domain, which the reader could verify. About his style of work as an investigative journalist, Stone said:
I made no claims to 'inside stuff'. I tried to give information which could be documented, so [that] the reader could check it for himself ... Reporters tend to be absorbed by the bureaucracies they cover; they take on the habits, attitudes, and even accents of the military or the diplomatic corps. Should a reporter resist the pressure, there are many ways to get rid of him. ... But a reporter covering the whole capital on his own – particularly if he is his own employer – is immune from these [political] pressures.
The journalistic professionalism and integrity of I. F. Stone derived from his
The New York Post
In 1933, Stone worked as a reporter for the
In the course of working as publisher and reporter, Stern and Stone quarreled about journalism, its practice and its practices, especially about the content and tone of Stone's New York Post editorials critical of a business plan to refinance the public transit system of New York City. After an acrimonious quarrelling, Stern's concern about Stone's juvenile attitude prompted an inter-office note to Izzy and the managing editor, informing them that, henceforth, the reporter I. F. Stone was part of the news-department staff.
In response to his publisher's management decision – subordinating a reporter to the newsroom managing editor – Stone complained to the
The Nation
In 1939, after leaving the New York Post, Stone worked for
On August 4, 1939, Stone along with 400 other writers and intellectuals signed a letter condemning
In the matter of war-production employment, Stone's exposé of alleged
In 1946 Freda Kirchwey, the editor (1933–55) of The Nation, fired Stone from the magazine for accepting employment with the newspaper PM (picture magazine) as a foreign correspondent covering the anti–British Jewish Resistance Movement in Mandatory Palestine (1920–48), where the Jews awaited the foundation of the State of Israel.[citation needed]
PM (newspaper)
Stone was the Washington, D.C., correspondent for PM, and published a series of feature articles about the Jewish European refugees who ran the British
I. F. Stone's Weekly
Although Stone had been a mainstream journalist in the 1930s, appearing on shows like
In 1964, using evidence drawn from a close reading and analysis of published accounts, Stone was the only American journalist to challenge President
Articles originally published in I. F. Stone's Weekly later were compiled and published in The I. F. Stone's Weekly Reader (1973), in three of six volumes of A Noncomformist History of Our Times (1989), a compendium of Stone's writing, and The Best of I.F. Stone (2006).[24]
Views
Zionism and the State of Israel
In 1945, at war's end, Stone went to Mandatory Palestine (1920-1948) to report on the mass emigration of Eastern European Jews to Mandatory Palestine—peoples whom the Nazis had displaced from the countries of Eastern Europe. In Underground to Palestine (1948), Stone reported that the political, financial and personal interests of those displaced Jews would have been, in his opinion, better served by emigrating to the U.S. rather than to the Zionist Homeland for the Jewish people promised in the Balfour Declaration. Nonetheless, they preferred the promise of Israel in Stone's estimation because:
They have been kicked around as Jews, and now they want to live as Jews. Over and over I heard it said: 'We want to build a Jewish country ... We are tired of putting our sweat and blood into places where we are not welcome. ... ' These Jews want the right to live as a people, to build as a people, to make their contribution to the world as a people. Are their national aspirations any less worthy of respect than those of any other oppressed people?[25]
As a secular Jew, Stone agreed with the nationalist aspirations of
Stone's reportage of the conflict in the Middle East irritated Minister Eban, both for embarrassing him (a politically moderate Zionist) and his government and for dimming the international public image of the State of Israel as a refuge for oppressed peoples.[2]
The Arab–Israeli conflict
The practical and professional consequences of being an openly left-wing journalist in the U. S. continued for I. F. Stone, when the U.S. State Department refused to issue a passport for him to travel overseas as a journalist. Stone filed a lawsuit against the State Department. In court, his brother-in-law, the attorney
Israel is a transformed country. What was once a struggling country is now a thriving country. Economically, it's booming. It will win – it's prepared for war and will win, you know, the next war, or the next war after that, militarily ... But there will be wars and wars and wars until Israel comes to terms with the Palestinians ... [because] the road to peace lies through the Palestinian refugee camp.[26]
Consequent to the establishment of British, French, and Russian imperial spheres of influence in Asia Minor, by way of the Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916), the internal politics of the State of Israel became the Arab–Israeli conflict (1948 to date), which the West conflated to the geopolitics of the Cold War (1945–90) with each belligerent party, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., claiming hegemony over the Middle East.[27]
In the book review article "Holy War" (Les Temps Modernes, June 1967), Stone said that superpower geopolitics are of secondary importance to the discontent of the Arabs and the Jews in the Levant.[28]
The Korean War
Stone was critical of the Cold War, and its consequent reductions of the
In The Hidden History of the Korean War, 1950–51, Stone said that South Korea had provoked North Korea to war, by way of continual guerrilla attacks across the border (38th parallel) into the north of Korea, and that, thus goaded, the North Koreans eventually counterattacked, and invaded the South, providing the official casus belli (June 25, 1950) required for Korean reunification. Stone asserted that such cross-border attacks, authorized by the South Korean government, were shaped by U.S. foreign policy for the worldwide
Allegations of espionage
Oleg Kalugin's comments
In The Independent newspaper in 1992, British journalist Andrew Brown reported that the Soviet Embassy attaché, KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin, said that, "We had an agent—a well-known American journalist—with a good reputation, who severed his ties with us after 1956. I, myself, convinced him to resume them. But, in 1968, after the invasion of Czechoslovakia ... he said he would never again take any money from us."[29]
In "How Many I. F. Stones Were There?",
In "The Attack on I.F. Stone", Andrew Brown said that when he "used the phrase an agent, to describe someone who turned out to be I. F. Stone", he understood the term metaphorically, meaning someone who was a "useful contact", and that the expression "take any money" referred to the fact that the journalist I.F. Stone would not permit a Soviet embassy employee to pay for a luncheon meal, neither then nor in the future, despite earlier lunches in the 1930s and 1940s. That, in September 1992, at the Moscow Journalists' Club, Kalugin had explained to the lawyer Martin Garbus that, "I have no proof that Stone was an agent. I have no proof that Stone ever received any money from the KGB, or the Russian government, I never gave Stone any money and was never involved with him as an agent."[32]
In "Who's Out to Lunch Here?: I. F. Stone and the KGB", Cassandra Tate said that the alleged evidence of Stone's secret agent involvement with the KGB is based upon a few lines of text at the end of a speech by a KGB officer. She concluded that Stone was neither a Soviet agent, nor a
In American Radical:The Life and Times of I. F. Stone, 2009), D. D. Guttenplan cited Kalugin's denials in The Nation and in the New York Post, although an earlier article[34] had pointed to the possible ambiguity of the KGB's definition of the term "agent of influence." In multiple interviews, Kalugin contradicted Romerstein's allegation that Stone was a Soviet secret agent; two Stone biographers reported Kalugin's third-party denials that Stone was a Soviet secret agent. Myra MacPherson (All Governments Lie! The Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I. F. Stone, 2006) reported that Kalugin said: "We had no clandestine relationship. We had no secret arrangement. I was the press officer [of the Soviet embassy in Washington, D.C.] ... I never paid him anything. I sometimes bought lunch."[14]: 326
In his KGB memoirs, The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West (1994), about working as a press attaché in the Soviet Embassy in Washington, D.C., Kalugin said that, besides I. F. Stone, he often met with journalists such as
Whatever the consequences, I have to say what I really feel, after seeing the Soviet Union, and carefully studying the statements of its leading officials. This is not a good society and it is not led by honest men ... Nothing has happened in Russia to justify cooperation abroad, between the independent Left and the Communists.[36]
Stone's published statements, about the Soviet Union, its regimented society, and its totalitarian government, by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), provoked hundreds of subscribers to cancel their subscriptions to I.F. Stone's Weekly newsletter.[36] Kalugin said that he persuaded Stone to continue having working-luncheons with him, but that, after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, Stone refused to let Kalugin pay for the lunch, and consequently ceased meeting with him.[citation needed]
Venona Project
In 1995, the
The Venona project transcript No. 1506 (October 23, 1944), indicated that Pravdin had succeeded in meeting with secret agent BLIN, and that he was "not refusing his aid" but explained that had "three children, and did not want to attract the attention of the FBI" and that BLIN's reluctance to meet Pravdin derived from "his unwillingness to spoil his career" because he "earned $1,500.00 per month but ... would not be averse to having a supplemental income."[38]
In the article "Cables Coming in From the Cold" on the Venona Project transcripts, Walter Schneir and Miriam Schneir said that interpreting the transcriptions is difficult, because of the hearsay nature of the messages; the many steps between a conversation and the sending of a cable; language-translation difficulties; the possibility of an imperfect decryption; and concluded that "the Venona messages are not like the old TV show You Are There [1953–57], in which history was re‑enacted before our eyes. They are history seen through a glass, darkly."[39]
In their Cold War history, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (2000), John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr said that Stone was the Soviet secret agent BLIN. They cited four Venona cables that mentioned the American journalist I. F. Stone and that two of the cables contained evidence of Stone's pro–Soviet espionage. As well, the files of the KGB, from 1936 to 1939, indicate that Stone was a Soviet secret agent, who worked as a talent spotter, as a courier to other secret agents, and that he provided private and journalistic information to KGB, and Stone collaborated with the Communist Victor Perlo group, who gave him materials for use in journalistic exposés.[37][40]
Moreover, in The Venona Secrets: The Definitive Exposé of Soviet Espionage in America (2000),
In the event, Stone's biographer Myra MacPherson said that the FBI never identified BLIN as being I. F. Stone, and, instead, suspected Ernest K. Lindley, who also was father to three children.[14] The FBI claimed that secret agent BLIN must have been someone "whose true, pro–Soviet sympathies were not known to the public", hence, could not have been the journalist Stone,[14] who, on the contrary, far from being "fearful", did not hide his left wing beliefs. Indeed, rather than wishing to avoid FBI attention, as BLIN reportedly did, I. F. Stone made a point of suggesting to the Soviet press attaché Oleg Kalugin that they have lunch at Harvey's, a favorite haunt of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, to "tweak his nose".[14]
Alexander Vassiliev's allegations of espionage
In Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (2009), Klehr, Haynes, and Alexander Vassiliev, formerly of KGB, cite a KGB file [which Vassiliev saw in the Soviet Union] that named "Isidor Feinstein, a commentator for the New York Post" in the 1930s, as being secret agent BLIN, who "entered the channel of normal operational work" in 1936.[citation needed] That a note listed BLIN as an agent of the KGB station in New York City, in 1938. Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev said that Stone "assisted Soviet intelligence on a number of tasks, ranging from doing some talent spotting, acting as a courier, by relaying information to other agents, and providing private journalist tidbits and data [that] the KGB found interesting".[citation needed]
That BLIN was to help recruit and support the
In the article "Commentary's Trumped-up Case Against I. F. Stone", Jim Naureckas counters that the allegations of Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev, if true, merely indicate that I. F. Stone was "just gossiping", and criticizes them their "nefarious" and "tendentious" magnification of "relatively innocuous behavior" on the basis of one anti–Nazi activity. As for Stone being listed as an "agent" of the KGB, Naureckas said that Walter Lippmann also is listed as a Soviet secret agent.[42]
In the article "I.F. Stone: Encounters with Soviet Intelligence", Max Holland said there is no question that I. F. Stone was a "fully recruited and witting agent" for the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1938; yet, admits that Stone "was not a 'spy' in that he did not engage in espionage, and had no access to classified material".[43]
In the book review of Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (May 25, 2009), D. D. Guttenplan said that "Spies never explains why we should believe KGB officers, pushed to justify their existence (and expense accounts), when they claim information comes from an elaborately recruited 'agent' rather than merely a source or contact". That the authors of Spies distort the report in Venona transcript No. 1506 (October 1944) and never prove that, in 1936, Soviet secret agent BLIN was I. F. Stone. That their allegations merely demonstrate that Stone "was a good reporter", and notes that Walter Lippmann is quoted in Spies as having professional contacts with "a Soviet journalist with whom he traded insights and information." This is the same man [Pravdin] whom Stone is said to have avoided.[44] Nonetheless, the Vassilev notebook shows that Lippman was meeting Pravdin, not to pass the intelligence to him, but rather to find out what the true intentions of the Soviet government were. One of the KGB reports said, "He [Lippmann] is attempting to use his acquaintance with him [Pravdin] to determine our viewpoint on various issues of international politics. He is doing this, of course, very subtly, with the utmost tact. It should be recognized that by attempting to draw 'Sergei' into making candid comments, Imperialist [Lippmann] is sharing his own information with him".[45]
In the book review of Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (2010), Myra MacPherson said that the American co-author of the book, the journalist Max Holland, had persistently repeated discredited allegations that the American journalist I. F. Stone had accepted money from the Soviet Union, despite Holland's having acknowledged the unreliability of his source, KGB Gen. Oleg Kalugin:
As for the conflicting tales, woven by former KGB agent Kalugin, about his relationship with Stone, from 1966 to 1968, Holland correctly notes that 'Kalugin seemed incapable of telling the same story more than once'. Still, this did not keep Holland from repeating the damaging and long-refuted lie that Herbert Romerstein, former HUAC sleuth, developed after talking with Kalugin, that Moscow Gold [sic] subsidized Stone's weekly. Nowhere is there any evidence that Stone took money for anything, except a possible lunch or two. Nor is there any evidence, as Holland points out, that Kalugin was able to plant [news] stories with Stone.[46]
Retirement, classical scholarship, and death
In 1971,
In 1970, Stone received the
Personal life
In 1929, Stone married Esther Roisman, who later worked as his assistant at I. F. Stone's Weekly. Their marriage produced three children, Celia, Jeremy, and Christopher. Esther's sister Jean, a poet, was the wife of radical lawyer Leonard Boudin. (Stone was thus the uncle of Weather Underground co-founder Kathy Boudin and conservative U.S. judge Michael Boudin.) The Stones' marriage lasted for sixty years. In 1989, Stone died of a heart attack in Boston at the age of 81.[2]
Legacy
Memorial awards
On March 5, 2008, Harvard's Nieman Foundation for Journalism announced plans to award an annual I. F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence[53] and an associated I. F. Stone Workshop on Strengthening Journalistic Independence.[54]
In 2008, the Park Center for Independent Media at the
Documentaries
On May 6, 2015, the non-profit peace organization, Catalytic Diplomacy, released The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Part One and Part Two, a pair of documentary videos exploring the legacy and influence of I. F. Stone and I.F. Stone's Weekly.
In 2016, the film ALL GOVERNMENTS LIE: Truth, Deception, and the Spirit of I.F. Stone was released; a documentary on independent journalism in which the work and principles of I.F. Stone as an outcast journalist articulate the narrative.
Archive
The entire run of I.F. Stone's Weekly from January 17, 1953, through December 1, 1971, can be accessed through the ifstone.org website, along with many of Stone's speeches and other writings, and the documentary videos The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Part One and The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Part Two.
Music
Composer Scott Johnson makes extensive use of Stone's voice taken from a recorded 1981 lecture in his large-scale musical work, How It Happens, completed in 1991 on commission for the Kronos Quartet.
Influences
The 2008 Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards listed Stone's The Trial of Socrates as one of his three favorite books.[56]
Publications
Books
- The Court Disposes (1937)
- Business as Usual (1941)
- ISBN 0-394-50274-4
- This is Israel (1948)
- The Killings at Kent State (1971) LCCN 73148389
- The I. F. Stone's Weekly Reader (1973) ISBN 0-394-48815-6
- The ISBN 0-385-26032-6
- A Noncomformist History of Our Times (Little, Brown and Company, 1989)
- The War Years, 1939–1945. ISBN 0-316-81777-5
- The Hidden History of the Korean War, 1950–1951. ISBN 0-316-81770-8
- The Truman Era, 1945–1952. ISBN 0-394-71908-5
- The Haunted Fifties, 1953–1963. ISBN 0-394-70547-5
- In a Time of Torment, 1961–1967. ISBN 0-224-61464-9
- Polemics and Prophecies, 1967–1970. ISBN 0-316-81747-3
- The War Years, 1939–1945.
- The Best of I.F. Stone (PDF) (1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. 2006. ISBN 978-1-58648-463-7
Periodicals
- I.F. Stone's Weekly, January 17, 1953, through December 1, 1971
- Stone, I. F. (October 20, 1967). The Spirit of Che Guevara. London: New Statesman.
- I. F. Stone (1971–1989) New York Review of Books
Honorary Degree from Amherst College
- Newspaper Guild of New York Honors Page One Must for "Underground to Palestine" awarded in 1947
- The Eleanor Roosevelt Award
- The George Polk Award of Long Island University
- American Library Association Intellectual Freedom Award
- Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies Award
- Lifetime Achievement Award from Haddenfield High School (I. F. Stone's high school)
- A. J. Liebling Award for Journalistic Distinction
- Columbia University Journalism Award
- National Press ClubJournalists' Journalist Award
- The American Civil Liberties Union Award
- The First Amendment Defender Award of the Catholic University's Columbus School of Law
- The Florina Lasker Civil Liberties Award from the New York Civil Liberties Union
- The Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer of the French Academy of Sciences, November 1977
- The Sidney Hillman Foundation Award
- The Professional Freedom and Responsibility Award of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communications
Further reading
Documentaries
- Bruck Jr., Jerry (Director) (1973). I.F.Stone's Weekly (Motion picture). New York, Washington D.C.[57][58][59][60][61][62]
- Jeremy Stone (2015). The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Part One (Motion picture). Catalytic Diplomacy.
- Jeremy Stone (2015). The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Part Two (Motion picture). Catalytic Diplomacy.
- Fred Peabody (2016). All Governments Lie: Truth, Deception and the Spirit of I. F. Stone (Motion picture).
Biographies
- Robert C. Cottrell. (1992). Izzy: A Biography of I. F. Stone, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0813520088. 388 pages. 18 chapters. Notes. Selected Bibliography. Index.
- ISBN 978-0-374-18393-6
- The Secret History of Izzy by D. D. Guttenplan, The Nation, May 13, 2009
- "Armed With Words: D. D. Guttenplan's The Life and Times of I. F. Stone." Review by Tom Robbins in The Village Voice, June 2, 2009. Archived December 13, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 0-684-80713-0
- Berman, Paul (October 1, 2006). "NY Times Sunday Book Review: "The Watchdog", a review of All Governments Lie". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- Salon. Archived from the originalon August 29, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
This new biography shows why his legacy matters.
(response to Paul Berman's review) - MacPherson, Myra (October 13, 2006). "Sins of Omission". The American Prospect. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
In Paul Berman's continuing saga of distortion – first in a New York Times review of my book 'All Governments Lie! The Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I.F. Stone' and then in the Prospect – he concentrates on Stone's occasional conversations with a Russian official, making much ado about nothing by damagingly taking quotes out of context.
- MacPherson, Myra (October 15, 2006). "Opinion | ' All Governments Lie '; To the Editor". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
But Berman does not accurately convey the entire passage.
(response to Paul Berman's review)
- ISBN 0-385-41382-3
Related
- Frank J. Donner. (1980). The Age of Surveillance: The Aims and Methods of America's Political Intelligence System. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN 978-0-394-40298-7
- ISBN 0-8090-0183-7.
- ISBN 0-312-39319-9
- ISBN 0-312-11426-5
- ISBN 0-316-77470-7
- Stanley Sandler. 1999. The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished, University Press of Kentucky, 0813109671
- Schwartz, Stephen (December 22, 2000). "A Tale of Two Venonas". The Nation.[66]
- ISBN 9780300123906) "I. F. Stone: The Icon" pp. 146–52.
- )
References
- ^ Weinstein, Henry; Pasternak, Judy (June 19, 1989). "I. F. Stone Dies; 'Conscience of Investigative Journalism'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 14, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Flint, Peter B. (June 19, 1989). "I. F. Stone, Iconoclast of Journalism, Is Dead at 81; His integrity was inspiration and annoyance for decades". The New York Times. Retrieved July 21, 2007.
- ^ Stephens, Mitchell (March 1, 1999). "Journalism's Greatest Hits: Two Lists of a Century's Top Stories". The New York Times. p. C1. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ Stephens, Mitchell (March 1, 1999). "The Top 100 Works of Journalism in the United States in the Twentieth Century". New York University Journalism faculty. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- ^ "Robert MacNeil Report". American Archive of Public Broadcasting. 1975. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
- ^ "Muckraker and Scholar I.F. Stone redefined Investigative Journalism Reporting" (Editorial). The Philadelphia Inquirer. June 20, 1989. p. A14. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
Born in Philadelphia and raised in Haddonfield, New Jersey, Mr Stone worked many years on newspapers in South Jersey, Philadelphia (including a brief period for The Inquirer) and New York ...
- ^ Klaidman, Stephen (April 15, 1977). "I. F. Stone Returns to College at 68: Stone Starts A New Career As a Scholar". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
I. F. Stone, a college dropout turned publisher of an incisive Washington newsletter bearing his name, began his academic career rather inauspiciously; he graduated 49th in a class of 52 from Haddonfield High School in New Jersey.
- ^ "ketupa.net media profiles: curtis". Retrieved August 26, 2012. Archived August 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Izzy on Izzy; A Word About Myself". The Website of I.F. Stone. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
I had become a radical in the '20s, while in my teens, mostly through reading Jack London, Herbert Spencer, Kropotkin and Marx. I became a member of the Socialist Party and was elected to the New Jersey State Committee of the Socialist Party, before I was old enough to vote. I did publicity for Norman Thomas in the 1928 campaign while a reporter on a small city daily, but soon drifted away from left-wing politics because of the sectarianism of the left.
- ^
ISBN 9780252065439. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
- ^ ISBN 0813520088.
- ISBN 9780810128316. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- ^ Navasky, Victor. I. F. Stone, The Nation, posted July 2, 2003, July 21, 2003 issues. Retrieved September 9, 2006. Archived November 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ISBN 1416556796. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- ^ "To All Active Supporters of Democracy and Peace" (PDF).
- ^ Oshinsky, David. A Conspiracy So Immense: The World of Joe McCarthy. p. 94.
- S2CID 57571411.
- ^ "Washington Gestapo". The Nation. July 17, 1943.
- ^ Roger Starr, PM: New York's Highbrow Tabloid Archived November 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, City Journal, Summer 1993. Accessed online March 5, 2007.
- ^ Nel, Philip. "About the Newspaper PM" Archived May 15, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. The Crockett Johnson Homepage. Retrieved June 21, 2005.
- ISBN 9780684808093. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
- Journal of the American Medical Association, who accused those supporting national health insurance of being Communists. Stone asked, "Dr. Fishbein, given that President Truman has already spoken out in favor of national health insurance, do you think that that makes him a dangerous communist or just a deluded fellow traveler?" (See transcript of D. D. Guttenplan interview with Amy Goodman on Democracy Now. [1]).
- ^ Simkin, John (March 16, 2008). "I. F. Stone Weekly". Spartacus Schoolnet. Archived from the original on March 16, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- ISBN 158648463X. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- ^ John R. MacArthur (2009). "The First Draft of Israeli History". Globe Books. The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on September 6, 2009. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
- ^ "American Radical: The Life and Times of I.F. Stone". Democracy Now!. June 18, 2009. Archived from the original on April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
- ^ Stone, I. F. "Holy War", New York Review of Books, August 3, 1969, pp. 15–16.
- ^ Stone, I. F. "Holy War", New York Review of Books, August 3, 1969, p. 14.
- ^ Brown, Andrew (March 12, 1992). The Independent.
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(help) - ^ "How Many I. F. Stones were there?". New York Post. July 20, 1992.
- ISBN 0-89526-225-8.
- ^ Brown, Andrew (October 8, 1992). "The Attack on I. F. Stone". New York Review of Books. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
- ^ Tate, Cassandra. Who's out to lunch here? I. F. Stone and the KGB Archived September 5, 2004, at the Wayback Machine, Columbia Journalism Review, November/December 1992. Retrieved September 9, 2006.
- ^ Guttenplan, D. D. "Izzy an Agent?", The Nation, August 3–10, 1992; Romerstein's letter in response and Guttenplan's "Stone Unturned", September 28, 1992.
- ^ Kalugin, Oleg. The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West (1994).
- ^ a b Cottrell, Robert C. IZZY: A Biography of I.F. Stone. 1993 pp. 189–190.
- ^ a b c Klehr, Harvey; Haynes, John; Vassiliev, Alexander (May 2009). "I. F. Stone, Soviet Agent: Case Closed". Commentary. Archived from the original on April 24, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
- ^ In The Nation article, "Red Harvest" (May 6, 2009), Guttenplan said that "the VENONA messages are real, albeit problematic: the National Security Agency long resisted releasing the Russian texts, and the English versions, in the public domain, include a great deal of tendentious annotation, much of it, apparently, the work of Robert Lamphere, the FBI's liaison to the project. They are also ambiguous—not least about the apparently simple matter of Blin's identity."
- ^ "Cables Coming in From the Cold", The Nation, July 5, 1999.
- ^ Venona: Soviet Espionage and the American Response 1939–1957, Part II: Selected Venona Messages on the CIA's website. Table of Contents Archived August 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved: September 9, 2006.
- ^ Romerstein, Herbert, and Breindel Eric, The Venona Secrets: The Definitive Exposé of Soviet Espionage in America (2014). Regnery Publishing, November 2000, p. 435.
- ^ "Commentary's Trumped-Up Case Against I.F. Stone". Fair.org. April 22, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- ^ )
- ^ "Red Harvest: The KGB in America". The Nation. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
- ^ Haynes, Klehr, and Vassiliev, Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America, p. 177.
- ^ Myra MacPherson "Review: Spies: the Rise and Fall of the KGB in America", The Huffington Post, 28 May 2009.
- ^ Naughton, Jim (March 10, 1988). "I.F. STONE AND THE ANCIENT MYSTERY". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- ^ Stone, I. F. (April 8, 1979). "I.f. Stone Breaks the Socrates Story". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- ^ "Best Sellers: May 15, 1988". The New York Times. May 15, 1988. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- S2CID 170372224.
- ^ "I.F. Stone Turns Trial of Socrates Into a Best Seller". Los Angeles Times. April 14, 1988. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- OCLC 16579619.
- ^ "I.F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence". Nieman Foundation.
- ^ See nieman.harvard.edu, or the "Release notes". On the same day, ifstone.org went public, containing further information on the Harvard project.
- ^ The Izzy Award, Izzy Award Home Page, Park Center for Independent Media. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
- ^ "John Edwards' favorite books". Johnedwards.com. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
- ^ Ebert, Roger. "I.F. Stone's Weekly movie review (1973) | Roger Ebert". www.rogerebert.com. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- OCLC 222143368.
- ^ Canby, Vincent (October 19, 1973). "' I. F. Stone's Weekly' Is a Film Delight". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- ISBN 9780819578020. Retrieved February 21, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ^ "13e Selecion de la Semaine de la Critique - 1974". archives.semainedelacritique.com. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ISBN 9780190226541. Retrieved February 21, 2020 – via Google Books.
- ISBN 9781429963886. Retrieved February 22, 2020 – via Internet Archive.
- The Nation. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- The Nation. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
- ^
Schwartz, Stephen (December 22, 2000). "A Tale of Two Venonas". The Nation. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
External links
- Official website WebCitation archive. archive.org archive.
- I. F. Stone at Find a Grave
- I. F. Stone at IMDb
- Video:
- Audio:
- "I. F. Stone Remembered," Radio Open Source, September 22, 2006
- John Whiting's 2009 review of D.D. Guttenplan's American Radical: The Life and Times of I. F. Stone which includes:
- I. F. Stone Lecture, 1963 Vietnam Day Teach-in at U.C. Berkeley
- I. F. Stone conversation, Part one, 1988 The New School, The Nation, WBAI
- I. F. Stone conversation, Part two[dead link], 1988 The New School, The Nation, WBAI
- Chris Koch's 1993 recount of Stone’s about-face over the 1962 exposé by former FBI Special Agent Jack Levine
- Report of special agent Jack Levine
- former FBI Special Agent Jack Levine 1962 Raw recording by Richard Elman and Chris Koch of WBAI