IRF5

Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF5 gene.^[5] The IRF family is a group of transcription factors that are involved in signaling for virus responses in mammals along with regulation of certain cellular functions.^[6]

Function

IRF5 is a member of the

IRF5 acts as a molecular switch that controls whether macrophages will promote or inhibit inflammation. Blocking the production of IRF5 in macrophages may help treat a wide range of autoimmune diseases, and that boosting IRF5 levels might help treat people whose immune systems are weak, compromised, or damaged. IRF5 seems to work "either by interacting with DNA directly, or by interacting with other proteins that themselves control which genes are switched on."^[10]

Signaling

The IRF family regulates the gene expression for the interferon (IFN) response to viral infections.^[6] IRF5 is a direct transducer to interferon signaling and is activated via phosphorylation.^[11] The IRF family can also initiate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by binding to transmembrane receptors that activate JAK.^[12] IRFs, IFNs, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway work together to fight viral infections in mammals through specific signals.^[13]

See also

• Interferon regulatory factors

References

Further reading

• Pitha PM, Au WC, Lowther W, et al. (1999). "Role of the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in virus-mediated signaling and regulation of cell growth". Biochimie. 80 (8–9): 651–8.
  PMID 9865487
  .
• Barnes B, Lubyova B, Pitha PM (2002). "On the role of IRF in host defense". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22 (1): 59–71.
  PMID 11846976
  .
• Barnes BJ, Moore PA, Pitha PM (2001). "Virus-specific activation of a novel interferon regulatory factor, IRF-5, results in the induction of distinct interferon alpha genes". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 23382–90.
  PMID 11303025
  .
• Nehyba J, Hrdlicková R, Burnside J, Bose HR (2002). "A novel interferon regulatory factor (IRF), IRF-10, has a unique role in immune defense and is induced by the v-Rel oncoprotein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (11): 3942–57.
  PMID 11997525
  .
• Barnes BJ, Kellum MJ, Field AE, Pitha PM (2002). "Multiple regulatory domains of IRF-5 control activation, cellular localization, and induction of chemokines that mediate recruitment of T lymphocytes". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (16): 5721–40.
  PMID 12138184
  .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903.
  PMID 12477932
  .
• Barnes BJ, Field AE, Pitha-Rowe PM (2003). "Virus-induced heterodimer formation between IRF-5 and IRF-7 modulates assembly of the IFNA enhanceosome in vivo and transcriptional activity of IFNA genes". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (19): 16630–41.
  PMID 12600985
  .
• Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, et al. (2003). "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology". Science. 300 (5620): 767–72.
  PMID 12690205
  .
• Barnes BJ, Kellum MJ, Pinder KE, et al. (2003). "Interferon regulatory factor 5, a novel mediator of cell cycle arrest and cell death". Cancer Res. 63 (19): 6424–31.
  PMID 14559832
  .
• Barnes BJ, Richards J, Mancl M, et al. (2004). "Global and distinct targets of IRF-5 and IRF-7 during innate response to viral infection". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (43): 45194–207.
  PMID 15308637
  .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7.
  PMID 15489334
  .
• Lin R, Yang L, Arguello M, et al. (2005). "A CRM1-dependent nuclear export pathway is involved in the regulation of IRF-5 subcellular localization". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (4): 3088–95.
  PMID 15556946
  .
• Sigurdsson S, Nordmark G, Göring HH, et al. (2005). "Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 76 (3): 528–37.
  PMID 15657875
  .
• Takaoka A, Yanai H, Kondo S, et al. (2005). "Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors". Nature. 434 (7030): 243–9.
  S2CID 667829
  .
• Schoenemeyer A, Barnes BJ, Mancl ME, et al. (2005). "The interferon regulatory factor, IRF5, is a central mediator of toll-like receptor 7 signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (17): 17005–12.
  PMID 15695821
  .
• Mancl ME, Hu G, Sangster-Guity N, Olshalsky SL, Hoops K, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Pitha PM, Pinder K, Barnes BJ (June 2005). "Two discrete promoters regulate the alternatively spliced human interferon regulatory factor-5 isoforms. Multiple isoforms with distinct cell type-specific expression, localization, regulation, and function". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (22): 21078–90.
  PMID 15805103
  .
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8.
  S2CID 4427026
  .
• Graham RR, Kozyrev SV, Baechler EC, et al. (2006). "A common haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates splicing and expression and is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus". Nat. Genet. 38 (5): 550–5.
  S2CID 21426281
  .

External links

• IRF5+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q13568 (Interferon regulatory factor 5) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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