ISCOM
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2018) |
Immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) are spherical open cage-like structures (typically 40 nm in diameter) that are spontaneously formed when mixing together
History
ISCOM technology was invented in 1982 by Professor Bror Morein at the
Immunological advantages
 |
ISCOM-Matrix technology offers several
This strong induction of the cellular response is one of the hallmarks of ISCOM-Matrix technology. A cell-mediated immune response is crucial for effective vaccination against intracellular pathogens and chronic infections. Moreover, the technology is highly efficient; its long-lasting immune responses allow reduction of the antigen dose. Typically, the dose can be decreased by a factor of 10 to 100, which will significantly cut the production cost of the vaccine. ISCOM-Matrix technology can also be of immense value in a situation when manufacturing capacity is inadequate in the face of an emerging threat such as an influenza pandemic.
ISCOM technology is also able to induce an adaptive immune response in the presence of pre-existing antibodies, for example in new-borns who have maternal antibodies.
The chemical stability of ISCOM-Matrix is of significant practical value. ISCOMs have demonstrated a shelf-life of several years during storage in aqueous solutions at +2-8 °C (compared to months for free saponins).
Since the ISCOM-Matrix is simply mixed with the antigen post-manufacturing, it offers great production advantages and flexibility in vaccine design. If required, however, the antigen can also be incorporated into the structure.
See also
References
- S2CID 4352360.
Further reading
- Martina, Byron E.E; Van De Bildt, Marco W.G; Kuiken, Thijs; Van Amerongen, Geert; Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E (2003). "Immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against phocid herpesvirus type 1". Vaccine. 21 (19–20): 2433–40. PMID 12744876.
- Rimmelzwaan, G.F; Baars, M; Van Amerongen, G; Van Beek, R; Osterhaus, A.D.M.E (2001). "A single dose of an ISCOM influenza vaccine induces long-lasting protective immunity against homologous challenge infection but fails to protect Cynomolgus macaques against distant drift variants of influenza A (H3N2) viruses". Vaccine. 20 (1–2): 158–63. PMID 11567760.
- Mooij, P; Nieuwenhuis, I. G; Knoop, C. J; Doms, R. W; Bogers, W. M. J. M; Ten Haaft, P. J. F; Niphuis, H; Koornstra, W; Bieler, K; Kostler, J; Morein, B; Cafaro, A; Ensoli, B; Wagner, R; Heeney, J. L (2004). "Qualitative T-Helper Responses to Multiple Viral Antigens Correlate with Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". Journal of Virology. 78 (7): 3333–42. PMID 15016855.
- Nguyen, T.V; Iosef, C; Jeong, K; Kim, Y; Chang, K.-O; Lovgren-Bengtsson, K; Morein, B; Azevedo, M.S.P; Lewis, P; Nielsen, P; Yuan, L; Saif, L.J (2003). "Protection and antibody responses to oral priming by attenuated human rotavirus followed by oral boosting with 2/6-rotavirus-like particles with immunostimulating complexes in gnotobiotic pigs". Vaccine. 21 (25–26): 4059–70. PMID 12922143.
- Coulter, Alan; Harris, Rodney; Davis, Roslyn; Drane, Debbie; Cox, John; Ryan, David; Sutton, Phil; Rockman, Steve; Pearse, Martin (2003). "Intranasal vaccination with ISCOMATRIX® adjuvanted influenza vaccine". Vaccine. 21 (9–10): 946–9. PMID 12547607.
External links
- Isconova's homepage Archived 2009-04-03 at the Wayback Machine