ISO/TC 37

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Language and terminology
Formation1947
TypeTechnical Committee of ISO
PurposeInternational standardization
Membership
63 members, 29 organizations in liaison
Official language
English and French
Websitewww.iso.org

ISO/TC 37 is a technical

documents concerning methodology and principles for terminology and language resources
.

Title: Language and terminology

Scope:

multilingual information society
.

ISO/TC 37 is a so-called "horizontal committee", providing guidelines for all other technical committees that develop standards on how to manage their terminological problems. However, the standards developed by ISO/TC 37 are not restricted to

industry
is sought to ensure that the requirements and needs from all possible users of standards concerning terminology, language and structured content are duly and timely addressed.

Involvement in standards development is open to all stakeholders and requests can be made to the TC through any liaison or member organization (see the list of current members and liaisons of ISO/TC 37:[1])

ISO/TC 37 standards are therefore fundamental and should form the basis for many

applications
.

ISO/TC 37 "Language and terminology"

International Standards are developed by

academia and business who are delegates of their national standards institution or another organization in liaison. Involvement, therefore, is principally open to all stakeholders
. They are based on consensus among those national standards institutes who collaborate in the respective committee by way of membership.

ISO/TC 37 develops

International Standards
concerning:

ISO/TC 37 looks upon a long

expertise for methodology standards for science and technology
related content in textual form.

Terminology standardization

The beginnings of terminology standardization are closely linked to the standardization efforts of IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission, founded in 1906) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization, founded in 1946).

A terminology standard according to ISO/IEC Guide 2 (1996) is defined as "standard that is concerned with terms, usually accompanied by their definitions, and sometimes by explanatory notes, illustrations, examples, etc."

ISO 1087-1:2000 defines terminology as "set of designations belonging to one special language" and designations as "representation of a concept by a sign which denotes it". Here, concept representation goes beyond terms (being only linguistic signs), which is also supported by the state-of-the-art of terminology science, according to which terminology has three major functions:

  1. basic elements carrying meaning in domain communication,
  2. ordering of scientific-technical knowledge at the level of concepts,
  3. access to other representations of specialized information and knowledge.

The above indicates that terminological data (comprising various kinds of knowledge representation) possibly have a much more fundamental role in domain-related information and knowledge than commonly understood.

Today, terminology standardization can be subdivided into two distinct activities:

  • standardization of terminologies,
  • standardization of terminological principles and methods.

The two are mutually

interdependent, since the standardization
of terminologies would not result in high-quality terminological data, if certain common principles, rules and methods are not observed. On the other hand, these standardized terminological principles, rules and methods must reflect the state-of-the-art of theory and methodology development in those domains, in which terminological data have to be standardized in connection with the formulation of subject standards.

Terminology gained a special position in the field of standardization at large, which is defined as "activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context" (ISO/IEC 1996). Every technical committee or sub-committee or working group has to standardize subject matters, define and standardize its respective terminology. There is a consensus that terminology standardization precedes subject standardization (or "subject standardization requires terminology standardization").

History of ISO/TC 37

ISO/TC 37 was put into operation in 1952 in order "to find out and formulate general principles of terminology and terminological lexicography" (as terminography was called at that time).

The

Online Database can be accessed on Electropedia [2]

The predecessor to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Federation of Standardizing Associations (ISA, founded in 1926), made a similar experience. But it went a step further and - triggered by the publication of Eugen Wüster's book "Internationale Sprachnormung in der Technik" [International standardization of technical language] (Wüster 1931) - established in 1936 the Technical Committee ISA/TC 37 "Terminology" for the sake of formulating general principles and rules for terminology standardization.

ISA/TC 37 conceived a scheme of four classes of recommendations for terminology standardization mentioned below, but the

twinning secretariat
. After this the administration went to CNIS (China).

Objective of ISO/TC 37

To prepare standards specifying principles and methods for the preparation and

computer-assisted
terminography. ISO/TC 37 is not responsible for the co-ordination of the terminology standardizing activities of other ISO/TCs.

Structure of the committee

Published Standards

  • ISO 639 Codes for the representation of names of languages, with the following parts:
    • ISO 639-1:2002 Codes for the representation of names of languages —- Part 1: Alpha-2 code (ISO 639-1/RA - Registration Authority for the maintenance of the code: Infoterm [2])
    • ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages —- Part 2: Alpha-3 code (ISO 639-2/RA - Registration Authority for the maintenance of the code: Library of Congress [3])
    • ISO 639-3:2007 Codes for the representation of names of languages —- Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages (ISO 639-3/RA - Registration Authority for the maintenance of the code: SIL International)
    • ISO 639-4
      :2010 Codes for the representation of names of languages—Part 4: General principles of coding of the representation of names of languages and related entities
    • ISO 639-5:2008 Codes for the representation of names of languages —- Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups
  • ISO 704:2009 Terminology work —- Principles and methods
  • ISO 860:1996 Terminology work —- Harmonization of concepts and terms
  • ISO 1087-1:2000 Terminology —- Vocabulary —- Part 1: Theory and application
  • ISO 1087-2:2000 Terminology work —- Vocabulary —- Part 2: Computer applications
  • ISO 1951:1997 Lexicographical symbols particularly for use in classified defining vocabularies
  • ISO 1951:2007 3rd Ed. -- Presentation/Representation of entries in dictionaries – Requirements, recommendations and information
  • ISO 6156:1987 Magnetic tape exchange format for terminological / lexicographical records (MATER) (withdrawn)
  • ISO 10241:1992 Preparation and layout of international terminology standards
  • ISO 10241-1:2011 Terminological entries in standards – General requirements and examples of presentation
  • ISO 10241-2:2012 Terminological entries in standards – Part 2: Adoption of standardized *ISO 12199:2000 Alphabetical ordering of multilingual terminological and lexicographical data represented in the Latin alphabet
  • ISO 12200:1999 Computer applications in terminology —- Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) —- Negotiated interchange
  • ISO 12615:2004 Bibliographic references and source identifiers for terminology work
  • ISO 12616:2002 Translation-oriented terminography
  • ISO 12620
    :1999 Computer applications in terminology —- Data categories obsoleted by ISO 12620:2009
  • ISO 12620
    :2009 Terminology and other language and content resources—Specification of data categories and management of a Data Category Registry for language resources
  • ISO 15188:2001 Project management guidelines for terminology standardization
  • ISO 16642:2003 Computer applications in terminology —- Terminology Mark-up Framework (TMF)
  • ISO 17100
    :2015 Translation Services-Requirements for Translation Services
  • ISO 22128:2008 Guide to terminology products and services – Overview and Guidance
  • ISO 23185:2009 Assessment and benchmarking of terminological resources – General concepts, principles and requirements
  • ISO 24613:2008 Language Resource Management - Lexical Markup-Framework
    (LMF)
  • ISO 30042:2008 Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content—TermBase eXchange (TBX)

Standards and other ISO deliverables in preparation

Note: Current status is not mentioned here - see ISO Website for most recent status. Many of these are in development.:[9]

  • ISO 704 Terminology work - Principles and methods
  • ISO 860.2 Terminology work - Harmonization of concepts & terms
  • ISO 1087-1 Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and application
  • ISO 12618 Computer applications in terminology - Design, implementation and use of terminology management systems
  • ISO 12620
    Terminology and other content and language resources — Specification of data categories and management of a Data Category Registry for language resources
  • ISO 21829 Language resource management - Terminology (TLM)
  • ISO 22130 Additional language coding
  • ISO 22134 Practical guide for socio-terminology
  • ISO 22274 Internationalization and concept-related aspects of classification systems
  • ISO 24156 Guidelines for applying concept modelling in terminology work
  • ISO 24610-1 Language resource management - Feature structures - Part 1: Feature structure representation
  • ISO 24610-2 Language resource management - Feature structures - Part 2: Feature systems declaration (FSD)
  • ISO 24611 Language resource management - Morpho-syntactic annotation framework
  • ISO 24612 Language resource management - Linguistic Annotation Framework
  • ISO 24614-1 Language resource management - Word Segmentation of Written Texts for Mono-lingual and Multi-lingual Information Processing - Part 1: General principles and methods
  • ISO 24614-2 Language resource management - Word Segmentation of Written Texts for Mono-lingual and Multi-lingual Information Processing - Part 2: Word segmentation for Chinese, Japanese and Korean
  • ISO 24615 Language resource management - Syntactic Annotation Framework (SynAF)
  • ISO 24617-3 Language resource management - Named entities
  • ISO 26162 Design, implementation and maintenance of terminology management systems
  • Terminology policies
    - Development and Implementation

References

  1. ^ "ISO/TC 37 - Language and terminology". ISO.
  2. ^ "IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Welcome". Archived from the original on 2015-04-27. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
  3. ^ a b "International Information Centre for Terminology". Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  4. ^ "ISO/TC 37/SC 1 - Principles and methods". ISO.
  5. ^ "ISO/TC 37/SC 2 - Terminology workflow and language coding". ISO.
  6. ^ "ISO/TC 37/SC 3 - Management of terminology resources". ISO.
  7. ^ "ISO/TC 37/SC 4 - Language resource management". ISO.
  8. ^ "ISO - ISO/TC 37/SC 5 - Translation, interpreting and related technology". www.iso.org.
  9. ^ "ISO - ISO/TC 37 - Language and terminology". www.iso.org.

External links

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