Ibadan
Ibadan | |
---|---|
Metropolis | |
Ibadan | |
GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values) | |
• Year | 2023 |
• Total | $29.0 billion[3] |
• Per capita | $7,500 |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (WAT) |
National language | Yoruba |
Website | http://www.oyostate.gov.ng/ |
Ibadan (UK: /ɪˈbædən/, US: /ɪˈbɑːdən/;[4] Yoruba: Ìbàdàn) is the capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano, with a total population of 2,649,000 as of 2021, and over 3 million people within its metropolitan area. It is one of the country's largest cities by geographical area. At the time of Nigeria's independence in 1960, Ibadan was the largest and most populous city in the country, and the second-most populous in Africa behind Cairo. Ibadan is ranked one of the fastest-growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the UN Human Settlements Program (2022).[5] It is also ranked third in West Africa in the tech startups index. Ibadan joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria, 128 kilometres (80 mi) inland northeast of Lagos and 530 kilometres (330 mi) southwest of Abuja, the federal capital. It is a prominent transit point between the coastal region and areas in the hinterland of the country. Ibadan had been the administrative centre of the old Western Region since the early days of British colonial rule, and parts of the city's ancient protective walls still stand to this day. The principal inhabitants of the city are the Yoruba people, as well as various communities (notably Igbo, Hausa, Edo, and Ibibio) from other parts of the country.
History
Ibadan, coined from the phrase "Eba Odan",
In 1852, the
Ibadan thus had initially begun as a military state and remained so until the last decade of the 19th century. The city-state also succeeded in building a large empire from the 1860s to the 1890s which extended over much of northern and eastern Yorubaland. It was appropriately nicknamed idi Ibon or "gun base", because of its unique military character.[11]
In Ibadan, unlike other Yoruba cities with traditional kingship institutions, the warrior class became the rulers of the city as well as the most important economic group.[12]
Ibadan grew into an impressive and sprawling
Colonial Ibadan
In 1893, the Ibadan area became a British Protectorate after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the Baale of Ibadan with the British acting Governor of Lagos Colony, George C. Denton on 15 August.[14] By then, the population had swelled to 120,000.[citation needed] The British developed the new colony to facilitate their commercial activities in the area, and Ibadan shortly grew into the major trading centre that it is today.
Geography
Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria in the southeastern part of
The city of Ibadan is naturally drained by four rivers with many tributaries: Ona River in the North and West; Ogbere River towards the East; Ogunpa River flowing through the city and Kudeti River in the Central part of the metropolis. Ogunpa River, a third-order stream with a channel length of 12.76 km and a catchment area of 54.92 km2. Lake Eleyele is located at the northwestern part of the city, while the Osun River and the Asejire Lake bounds the city to the east.
Climate
Ibadan has a
Climate data for Ibadan | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37.2 (99.0) |
38.9 (102.0) |
38.3 (100.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.9 (93.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
38.9 (102.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.3 (90.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
29.6 (85.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.8 (87.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.9 (69.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21.8 (71.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10 (0.4) |
25 (1.0) |
91 (3.6) |
135 (5.3) |
152 (6.0) |
188 (7.4) |
155 (6.1) |
86 (3.4) |
175 (6.9) |
160 (6.3) |
46 (1.8) |
10 (0.4) |
1,233 (48.5) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.3 mm) | 1 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 18 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 123 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
76 | 73 | 77 | 82 | 85 | 87 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 83 | 79 | 83 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 198.4 | 197.8 | 186.0 | 180.0 | 195.3 | 147.0 | 86.8 | 65.1 | 93.0 | 164.3 | 207.0 | 220.1 | 1,940.8 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.4 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 4.9 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 5.3 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[15] |
Administration
There are 11
Local government areas
Ibadan Urban – LGA Chairman
- Ibadan North – Adebayo Adegoke
- Ibadan North-East – Lekan Afuye
- Ibadan North-West – Mojeed Bosun Ajuwon
- Ibadan South-East – Abimbola Omiyale
- Ibadan South-West – Adeleke Taoreed Bolaji
Ibadan Semi-Urban – LGA Chairman
- Akinyele – Taoreed Jimoh Adedigba
- Egbeda – Akeem Akintunde
- Ido – Sheriff Aderemi Adeojo
- Lagelu– Oyesanmi Toriola
- Ona Ara – Ogundele Biliaminu
- Oluyole A yodeji Abass Aleshinloye
Local Council Development Areas
The former Executive Governor of Oyo State, Senator Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi, created some Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs) out of some of the existing local government areas in Oyo State. From the Ibadan Urban Local Government areas, the following LCDAs were created. Out of Ibadan North Local Government area, Aare Latosa LCDA and Irepodun LCDA were created. Out of Ibadan North East Local Government area, Ibadan East LCDA was created. Out of Ibadan North West Local Government area, Oke'Badan North LCDA was created. Out of Ibadan South East Local Government area, Ibadan South LCDA was created. Out of Ibadan South West Local Government area, Ibadan West LCDA was created.[17]
From the Ibadan Semi-urban Local Government areas, the following LCDAs were created. Out of Akinyele Local Government area, Akinyele South LCDA and Akinyele East LCDA were created.
Demographics
Until 1970, Ibadan was the largest city in Sub-Saharan Africa by surface area.[8] In 1952, it was estimated that the total area of the city was approximately 103.8 km2[18] However, only 36.2 km2 was built up. This meant that the remaining 67 km2 were devoted to non-urban uses, such as farmlands, river floodplains, forest reserves and water bodies. These "non-urban land uses" disappeared in the 1960s: an aerial photograph in 1973 revealed that the urban landscape had completely spread over about 100 km2. The land area increased from 136 km2 in 1981 to 210–240 km2 in 1988-89 (Areola, 1994: 101). By 2000, it is estimated that Ibadan covered 400 km2.[19] The growth of the built-up area during the second half of the 20th century (from 40 km2 in the 1950s to 250 km2 in the 1990s) shows clearly that there has been an underestimate of the total growth of the city. In the 1980s, the Ibadan-Lagos expressway generated the greatest urban sprawl (east and north of the city), followed by the Eleiyele expressway (west of the city). Since then, Ibadan city has spread further into the neighbouring local government areas of Akinyele and Egbeda in particular.
Places of worship
Among the
Architecture
The best method to move about the city is to use reference points and notable landmarks[citation needed].
Dugbe district is the commercial nerve centre of Ibadan. This is where many banks have one or more branches. The south west regional office of the Central Bank of Nigeria is at Dugbe. Also at Dugbe is the Cocoa House,[21] Nigeria's first skyscraper.
It is one of the few skyscrapers in the city and is at the hub of Ibadan's commercial centre. The Cocoa house is the headquarters for the Oodua Investment Company co-owned by all south-western states.[22] Other tall buildings around Dugbe axis include Femi Johnson glass house, CBN building, United Bank for Africa, Oxford building, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria's Building, among others.
There is a
The
There are some good golf courses: the Ibadan Golf Club is a large 18-hole challenge and the Barracks course has just been extended to 18 holes. The most challenging[26] and exclusive is the 9-hole IITA Golf Club based on the 1,000 hectare premises of IITA.
Education
Ibadan is host to Nigeria's premier higher institution of learning, The
There are also numerous public and private
In 1853, the first Europeans to settle in Ibadan, Reverend David and Anna Hinderer, started Ibadan's first Western schools.[citation needed] They built churches and Anna taught at the new school.[10] They built the first two-storey building in Ibadan, which can still be found today at Kudeti. The first pupils to attend an elementary school in Ibadan were Yejide Olunloyo (female) and Akinyele Olunloyo (male) – the two children of an Ibadan high chief.
Economy
Ibadan is the capital city of
The main economic activities engaged in by the Ibadan populace include Agriculture, Trade, Public service employment, Factory work, Service sector/Tertiary production, Etc. The headquarters of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) have extensive grounds for crop and agricultural research into key tropical crops such as bananas, plantains, maize, cassava, soybean, cowpea and yam.[30] According to a report, Ibadan is the 3rd cheapest Nigerian city to live in.[31]
Entertainment and recreation
Ibadan is a busy city but also accommodates an adequate amount of entertainment and relaxation. There are numerous bars, lounges and night clubs to enjoy, including the Lebanese owned "KOKO Dome" which is the oldest night club in the city dating back to the mid 90s.
Shopping, Cinema and Parks
The Heritage Mall and Cocoa Mall houses several local and international retail stores. The two malls were built to interlink with each other and located in the same compound as Cocoa House at Dugbe. The 2 malls contain a South African retail shop; Shoprite, Pep Store (kids wears and boutique) several cafés, restaurants, electronic outlets,
Sports and recreation
There are various sport centres and facilities within the city limits of Ibadan. The Ibadan recreational club established 1902 in the Sabo area of the city is one of the oldest of such clubs in the country.[citation needed] It offers a swimming pool, tennis courts, basketball courts, snooker, squash courts, darts corner, and a relaxation bar. The city is also host to dozens of football academies where soccer talents are groomed. The Agodi Gardens of Oyo State has been completely refurbished to contain a Botanical Garden, Zoo, Swimming pool, Guest house, Bar and Restaurants. In addition, there are the Ibadan Polo Club at Eleyele and the Ibadan Golf Club[32] in the Onireke reservation Area.
The city has the first standard Nigerian stadium, The
Public spaces and parks
- Trans Amusement park
- Fun factory
- Agodi Gardens and Leisure Park
- Heritage Mall
- Ibadan recreational park
- Heritage & Cocoa Mall
- The Palms Mall
- Ventura Mall and Indoor park
- The University of Ibadan Zoo
- Game World, Dugbe, Ibadan
- Aces Mall, Bodija, Ibadan
Transport
The city of Ibadan is a major Nigerian transport hub with freeways linking it with
Modes of transport include, cabs & taxis, taxi-vans commonly called Danfos, and in more recent times mass transit buses have commenced operations to reduce the hardship of students and workers commuting from various suburban areas to the city centre, private/personal/family cars, scooters commonly known as Okadas, Coach (bus) services, more commonly known locally as "luxurious busses" such as Alakowe Bus, ABC Transport, Cross Country ltd Etc., which operate To and Fro services linking Ibadan and all other major destinations in the country and beyond, as well as pedestrian walking.
Since 2021, there is a new railway connection (standard gauge), which brings passengers to Lagos in less than 3 hours. It leaves at 8:00 and 16:00 every day (on time).[33] The new railway line came with a new railway station.
Phase 1 of the Ibadan circular road, a 110km road which encircles Ibadan, as at April 2023 is under construction[34][35]
Media
The city host the first T.V station in Africa NTA, Ibadan established as Western Nigeria Television (WNTV) in 1959. The oldest surviving Nigeria newspaper is in Ibadan Tribune founded by chief Obafemi Awolowo Premier of Western Nigeria. The first private TV station Galaxy TV in Oyo State also started in the city. As at 2014 the city is home to several media outlets including
- Nigerian Television Authority Ibadan Network Centre
Galaxy TV
- B.C.O.S Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State which also runs the radio services of B.C.O.S radio 1, Oluyole FM 98.5)
- MITV Ibadan
- Silverbird TV
- Channels TV
- AIT Africa Independent Television
Satellite channels are provided by
- Multichoice Africa owner of DStv and GOTV satellite company has an office in the Jericho area of the city providing subscribers with numerous international and local TV and radio.
- Star times
- DaarSat
The radio stations in Ibadan are increasing in number compared to 5–10 years ago,[when?] when only 3 operated. Today, there are:
- B.C.O.S Radio 1 and Oluyole FM 98.5
- Premier FM 93.5 (government-owned)
- Amuludun FM 99.1(Yoruba only, government-owned)
- Beat FM 97.9
- Mitv/Star FM 95.1
- Raypower Radio of AIT
- Diamond FM 101.1 of University of Ibadan
- Impact Business Radio (IBR 92.5 FM) a.k.a. Amutajero
- Splash FM 105.5
- Inspiration FM 100.5
- Space FM 90.10
- Naija FM 102.7
- Royal Roots (R2)FM 92.9
- Petals FM 102.3
- Lagelu FM 96.3
- Fresh FM 105.9
- Star FM 91.5
- Jamz FM 101.1
- Thirty-Two FM 94.9
- Noble 107.1 FM
- Lead Radio FM 106.3
- Pensioners' FM 106.7
- Agidigbo FM 88.7
- Solutions FM 93.9
There are also online communities of Ibadan residents such as CONNECTIBADAN, Ibadan247, IBpulse and WhatsupIbadan. They help the public connect with news, event and people in Ibadan and Oyo State as a whole.
Notable people
- Iyalodeof Ibadan
- Victor Adeboyejo, British Championship League footballer
- Lamidi Adedibu
- Adegoke Adelabu, old Western region politician
- Wally Adeyemo, U.S. government official
- Sade Adu, singer
- Abdul Ganiyy Agbotomokekere, Imam
- Abiola Ajimobi (1949-2020)
- Humuani Alaga, activist, indigenous textile entrepreneur
- Yetide Badaki, actress
- Kingsley Chioma
- Ken Goldberg, inventor
- Rasheed Ladoja, former Governor of Oyo State
- Oluwole Omofemi, artist and curator
- Hugo Weaving, actor
Twin towns – sister cities
Ibadan is
Gallery
-
Archbishop Ayo Lidigbolu House
-
Ayefele music house
-
Bower towers
-
Bower towers gate
-
bowers towers, Ibadan
-
Cocoa Dome, Dupe Ibadan
-
Crown Trust Plaza
-
Dugbe roundabout, Ibadan
-
Havsns Royale hall and event centre
-
Ibadan brow roofs
-
Kudi Avenue
-
Ring road
-
Mobolaji Johnson house
-
Kola Daisi University city building
-
Maharaji village
-
Molete Baptist church
-
Ibadan ring road
-
Oba Adessoji Adereni house
-
Specialist hospital
-
Government house gate
-
High court of Justice
-
Presbyterian church
-
Stadium
-
Shoprite
-
St. Annes Church
-
Sango Ojurin Market
-
Symentry, Bodija road
-
Ventura mall
-
Ibadan Aerial View of Alakia from an airplane
See also
References
- ^ Demographia (January 2015). Demographia World Urban Areas (PDF) (11th ed.). Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ^ Summing the 11 Local Government Areas of Ibadan using:
population.de (2011). "Population of oyo state". Retrieved 15 July 2016. - ^ "TelluBase—Nigeria Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ^ "Top 10 fastest growing cities in Africa 2022". 15 June 2022.
- ^ "Ibadan: How it was defined". Ibadan name.
- ^ Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Matthew M. Heaton, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 189
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-11217-8.
- ^ "Ibadan History". Litcaf. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
- ^ a b Martin Lynn, 'Hinderer, Anna (1827–1870)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 18 March 2017
- ^ "Ibadan-FINAL_Anna2_XX.qxd" (PDF). Retrieved 17 February 2019.
- ^ "Ibadan | Location, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- ^ Afe, Mayowa (23 October 2022). "Yakubu Gowon, 'Last Good Man Standing' At 88". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ISBN 9781580462495.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Ibadan / Nigeria" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ^ Tomori M. A. "IBADAN METROPOLITAN AREA AND THE CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT".
- ^ "Oyo State Government – Official Website of Oyo State Government". Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Areola, O. "The Spatial Growth of Ibadan City and its impact on the rural Hinterland" in M.O. Filani, F.O. Akintola and C.O. Ikporukpo edited Ibadan Region, Rex Charles Publication, Ibadan, 1994 page 99.
- ^ Onibokun, P. and Faniran A., Urban research in Nigeria. IFRA and CASSAD, Ibadan, 1995
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 2107
- ^ "Ibadan travel guide". World66.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^ "Odua Investment Company: Governance structure". Oyo Osun Ogun Ekiti Ondo. 29 March 2018.
- ^ a b "The Bower Memorial Tower on wikimapia". Wikimapia.org. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^ "Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ "Hall of Residence: University of Ibadan". University of Ibadan.
- ^ "Welcome to IDA2". ibadanland.com. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
- ^ "National Agricultural Research Institutes". ARCH. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
- ^ "oyo - Services Portal". Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ "Can Nigeria's renovated railway unite north and south?". BBC News. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ IITA. "International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)". / Cgiar. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^ IbadanGists. "Ibadan is the 3rd Cheapest Nigerian City to Live in". / IbadanGists. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ^ "Home". Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ "Buhari inaugurates Lagos-Ibadan Railway project". Punchng.com. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ Ibadan Circular Road, retrieved 24 April 2023
- ^ Olagunju, David (4 March 2023). "Why we are building Ibadan Circular Road —Oyo govt". Tribune Online. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ "Sister Cities International (SCI)". Sister-cities.org. Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
Sources
- 'On Education' - Page 69; 'Seventeen Years in the Yoruba Country: Memorials of Anna Hinderer (wife of the Rev. David Hinderer, C.M.S. Missionary in Western Africa).
https://oyoaffairs.net/un-research-ranks-ibadan-as-2nd-fastest-growing-city-in-2022/
Bibliography
External links