Ibn Tufayl
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Ibn Ṭufayl (full
As a philosopher and novelist, he is most famous for writing the first
Life
Born in Guadix, near
Abu Bakr ibn Tufayl summoned me one day and told me that he had heard the Commander of the Faithful complaining about the disjointedness of Aristotle's mode of expression — or that of the translators — and the resultant obscurity of his intentions. He said that if someone took on these books who could summarize them and clarify their aims after first thoroughly understanding them himself, people would have an easier time comprehending them. "If you have the energy," Ibn Tufayl told me, "you do it. I'm confident you can because I know what a good mind and devoted character you have, and how dedicated you are to the art. You understand that only my great age, the cares of my office — and my commitment to another task that I think even more vital — keep me from doing it myself."[8]
Ibn Rushd became Ibn Tufayl's successor after he retired in 1182; Ibn Tufayl died several years later in
His work in astronomy was historically significant as he played a major role in overturning the Ptolemaic ideas on astronomy.[10] This event in history is called the "Andalusian Revolt", where he influenced many, including Al-Bitruji, to desert the Ptolemaic ideas.[10] He was influential in the development of Islamic astronomy. Many later astronomers and scholars built upon his ideas and used his work as a basis for their own research and discoveries.[11]
Many Islamic philosophers, writers, physicians, and astronomers have been influenced by Ibn Tufayl and his work. These people include
Ibn Tufayl served as the secretary of the Almohad governor of Granada, and later as the secretary of the Almohad governor of Ceuta and Tangiers (Abū Saʿīd ʿUthmān, one of
Hayy ibn Yaqzan
Ibn Tufayl was the author of Ḥayy bin Yaqẓān (
Ibn Tufayl's Philosophus Autodidactus was written as a response to al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers. In the 13th century, Ibn al-Nafis later wrote the Al-Risalah al-Kamiliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah (known as Theologus Autodidactus in the West) as a response to Ibn Tufayl's Philosophus Autodidactus.
Hayy ibn Yaqdhan had a significant influence on both
A
Works
- Raǧaz ṭawīl fī aṭ-Ṭibb (
- Arabic text of Hayy bin Yaqzan from Wikisource
- Full pdf of French translation of Hayy bin Yaqzan from Google Books
- English translations of Hayy bin Yaqzan (in chronological order)
- The improvement of human reason, exhibited in the life of Hai ebn Yokdhan, written in Arabic above 500 years ago, by Abu Jaafar ebn Tophail, newly translated from the original Arabic, by Simon Ockley. With an appendix, in which the possibility of man's attaining of the true knowledge of God, and things necessary to salvation, without instruction, is briefly considered. London: Printed and sold by E. Powell, 1708.
- Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail, The history of Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, translated from the Arabic by Simon Ockley, revised, with an introduction by A.S. Fulton. London: Chapman and Hall, 1929. available online (omits the introductory section)
- Ibn Tufayl's Hayy ibn Yaqzān: a philosophical tale, translated with introduction and notes by Lenn Evan Goodman. New York: Twayne, 1972.
- The journey of the soul: the story of Hai bin Yaqzan, as told by Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Tufail, a new translation by Riad Kocache. London: Octagon, 1982.
- Two Andalusian philosophers, translated from the Arabic with an introduction and notes by Jim Colville. London: Kegan Paul, 1999.
- Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings, ed. Muhammad Ali Khalidi. Cambridge University Press, 2005. (omits the introductory section; omits the conclusion beginning with the protagonist's acquaintance with Absal; includes §§1-98 of 121 as numbered in the Ockley-Fulton version)
- Ben-Zaken, Avner, "Taming the Mystic", in Reading Hayy Ibn-Yaqzan: A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011). ISBN 978-0801897399.
See also
- List of Arab scientists and scholars
- Early Islamic philosophy
- Arabic literature
- Autodidacticism
Notes
- ^ Avempace, Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007.
- ^ Stearns, Peter N. "Arabic Language and Literature." In The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press, 2008.
- ISBN 0-87220-871-0.
- ^ a b Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 223. . In
- ^ Carra de Vaux, B., "Ibn Ṭufayl", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 16 April 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3394
- ^ "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Tufayl". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 8: 96. 2004 – via Gale eBooks.
- ISBN 978-0801897399.
- ISBN 0-415-13159-6.
- ^ a b c "Ibn Tufayl, Abü Bakr Muhammad". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 13: 488–489. 2008 – via Encyclopedia.com.
- ^ a b Božović, Mihajlo (2017). "The Process of Civilization in Ibn Tufayl's Hayy Ibn Yaqzan". Kom (Beograd). 2: 77–90 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ "Influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on Judaic Thought". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 10 December 2007.Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ^ Matar, Nabil (2013). "Ibn Tufayl (ca. 1105–85)". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought: 241–242 – via Gale eBooks.
- S2CID 230610974.
- ^ a b Corbin, Henry (2006). "Ibn Ṭufayl (d. 580 AH/1185 CE)". Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 4: 550–551 – via Gale eBooks.
- ^ a b Martin Wainwright, Desert island scripts, The Guardian, 22 March 2003.
- ISBN 978-0801897399.
- ISBN 978-90-04-09888-6.
- ISBN 0-19-820291-1.
- ISBN 0-7391-1989-3.
- ^ Nawal Muhammad Hassan (1980), Hayy bin Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe: A study of an early Arabic impact on English literature, Al-Rashid House for Publication.
- ISBN 0-7591-0190-6.
- ^ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357–377 [369].
- ISBN 978-90-04-09888-6.
- ISBN 90-04-09300-1.
- ^ "Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik Ibn Tufayl and Léon Gauthier (1981), Risalat Hayy ibn Yaqzan, p. 5, Editions de la Méditerranée".
"If you want a comparison that will make you clearly grasp the difference between the
blind, endowed however with a happy natural temperament, with a lively and firm intelligence, a sure memory, a straight sprite, who grew up from the time he was an infant in a city where he never stopped learning, by means of the senses he did dispose of, to know the inhabitants individually, the numerous species of beings, living as well as non-living, there, the streets and sidestreets, the houses, the steps, in such a manner as to be able to cross the city without a guide, and to recognize immediately those he met; the colors alone would not be known to him except by the names they bore, and by certain definitions that designated them. Suppose that he had arrived at this point and suddenly, his eyes were opened, he recovered his view, and he crosses the entire city, making a tour of it. He would find no object different from the idea he had made of it; he would encounter nothing he didn’t recognize, he would find the colors conformable to the descriptions of them that had been given to him; and in this there would only be two new important things for him, one the consequence of the other: a clarity, a greater brightness, and a great voluptuousness." - ISBN 0-8122-3953-9.
- ISBN 978-90-04-09888-6.
- ISBN 978-90-04-09888-6.
- ISBN 0-19-820291-1.
- Saudi Aramco World, September–October 1976.
- S2CID 171734089.
- ^ "عندما كُـتب الطب شعرا.. أرجوزة ابن طفيل في وصف الأمراض وعلاجها". www.aljazeera.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-08-21.
References
- P. Brönnle, The Awakening of the Soul (London, 1905)
- Samar Attar, The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment: Ibn Tufayl's Influence on Modern Western Thought (Lanham, 2010)
- Ben-Zaken, Avner, "Taming the Mystic", in Reading Hayy Ibn-Yaqzan: A Cross-Cultural History of Autodidacticism (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011). ISBN 978-0801897399.
- Mahmud Baroud, The Shipwrecked Sailor in Arabic and Western Literature: Ibn Tufayl and His Influence on European (London, 2012)
External links
- Hayy ibn Yaqzan by Ibn Tufayl
- Forcada, Miquel (2007). "Ibn Ṭufayl: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṭufayl al-Qaysī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 572. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version)
- Ibn Tofail in "History of Philosophy in Islam", by T.J. de Boer, 1904, at sacred-texts.com
- About Ibn Tufayl
- Ibn Tufayl's view of education implicit in his work Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, by Silvio Sergio Scatolini Apostolo
- Works by Ibn Tufayl at Project Gutenberg
- Works by Ibn Tufayl at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)