Ichthyology
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Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of October 2016, with approximately 250 new species described each year.[1][citation needed]
Etymology
The word is derived from the Greek words ἰχθύς, ikhthus, meaning "fish"; and λογία, logia, meaning "to study".[2][3]
History
The study of fish dates from the Upper Paleolithic Revolution (with the advent of "high culture"). The science of ichthyology was developed in several interconnecting epochs, each with various significant advancements.
The study of fish receives its origins from humans' desire to feed, clothe, and equip themselves with useful implements. According to
1500 BC–40 AD
Informal, scientific descriptions of fish are represented within the
335 BC–80 AD
European Renaissance
The writings of three 16th-century scholars, Hippolito Salviani, Pierre Belon, and Guillaume Rondelet, signify the conception of modern ichthyology. The investigations of these individuals were based upon actual research in comparison to ancient recitations. This property popularized and emphasized these discoveries. Despite their prominence, Rondelet's De Piscibus Marinis is regarded as the most influential, identifying 244 species of fish.
16th–17th century
The incremental alterations in navigation and shipbuilding throughout the Renaissance marked the commencement of a new epoch in ichthyology. The Renaissance culminated with the era of exploration and colonization, and upon the cosmopolitan interest in navigation came the specialization in naturalism.
The classification used within the Historia Piscium was further developed by
Linnaeus posthumously published Artedi's manuscripts as Ichthyologia, sive Opera Omnia de Piscibus (1738). His refinement of taxonomy culminated in the development of the
Modern era
Close to the dawn of the 19th century,
Adventurous individuals such as John James Audubon and Constantine Samuel Rafinesque figure in the faunal documentation of North America. They often traveled with one another. Rafinesque wrote Ichthyologic Ohiensis in 1820. In addition, Louis Agassiz of Switzerland established his reputation through the study of freshwater fish and the first comprehensive treatment of palaeoichthyology, Poisson Fossil's. In the 1840s, Agassiz moved to the United States, where he taught at Harvard University until his death in 1873.
Modern publications
Publication | Frequency | Date of publication | Publisher |
---|---|---|---|
Ichthyology & Herpetology | Quarterly | 27 December 1913 | American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists |
Journal of Applied Ichthyology | Bi-monthly | 1985 | Blackwell Publishing |
Ichthyological Bulletin | Irregular | January 1956 | Rhodes University |
Organizations
Organizations | Organizations |
---|---|
|
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Notable ichthyologists
Members of this list meet one or more of the following criteria: 1) Author of 50 or more fish taxon names, 2) Author of major reference work in ichthyology, 3) Founder of major journal or museum, 4) Person most notable for other reasons who has also worked in ichthyology.
See also
- Ichthyology terms
- Ichthyology and GIS
- Meristics
References
- ^ FishBase: October 2016 Update. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- Perseus Project
- Perseus Project
- S2CID 143961902.
- ^ "Panhellenic Society of Technologists Ichthyologists". Archived from the original on 2008-10-20.
Additional references
- Bond, Carl E (1996) Biology of Fish. Saunders. ISBN 0-03-070342-5.
- ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
- ISBN 0-12-079875-1.
- Pauly D, Froese R, Palomares ML and Stergiou KI (2014) Fish on line, Version 3 A guide to learning and teaching ichthyology using the FishBase Information System.
External links
- Brian Coad's Dictionary of Ichthyology
- Ichthyology Web Resources (archived 13 July 2006)
- List of Ichthyologists. Archived 2012-02-26 at the Wayback Machine.