Iconodulism

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Iconodulism (also iconoduly or iconodulia) designates the religious service to

Neoclassical Greek εἰκονόδουλος (eikonodoulos) (from Greek: εἰκόναicon (image) + Greek: δοῦλοςservant), meaning "one who serves images (icons)". It is also referred to as iconophilism (also iconophily or iconophilia from Greek: εἰκόναicon (image) + Greek: φιλέωlove) designating a positive attitude towards the religious use of icons. In the history of Christianity, iconodulism (or iconophilism) was manifested as a moderate position, between two extremes: iconoclasm (radical opposition to the use of icons) and iconolatry (idolatric veritable (full) adoration of icons).[1][2]

History

Late 14th-early 15th century icon illustrating the "Triumph of Orthodoxy" under the Byzantine empress Theodora over iconoclasm in 843. (National Icon Collection 18, British Museum).

In contrast to moderate or respectful adoration, various forms of latria of icons (iconolatry) were also starting to appear,[when?] mainly in popular worship. Since veritable (full) adoration was reserved for God alone, such an attitude towards icons as objects was seen as a form of idolatry. In reaction to that, the idolatrous misuse of icons was criticized and by the beginning of the 8th century some radical forms of criticism (iconoclasm) were also starting to emerge, arguing not only against adoration of icons, but also against any form of adoration and use of icons in religious life.[1]

The

Jesus Christ
.

Kissing and respected worship (

Frankish kingdom, resulting in the creation of Libri Carolini.[10] The last outburst of iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire was overcome at the Council of Constantinople (843), which reaffirmed the adoration of icons in an event celebrated as the Feast of Orthodoxy.[11]

The

Latin: «ita ut per imagines, quas osculamur, et coram quibus caput aperimus, et procumbimus, Christum adoremus, et Sanctos quorum illae similitudinem gerunt, veneremur»).[12][13]

See also

References

Sources