Idiophone
An idiophone is any
According to Sachs,[1] idiophones
are instruments made of naturally sonorous materials not needing any additional tension as do strings and drumskins. In this class it is the player's action that has shaped the instruments, because they have originated from extensions of striking or clapping hands or stamping feet. Accordingly, the basic question is how they are set into vibration.
Etymology
The word is from Ancient Greek, a combination of idio- ("own, personal" or "distinct")[2] and -phone ("voice, sound").[3]
Categories
Most
The other three subdivisions are rarer. They are plucked idiophones, such as the
Other classifications use six main sub-categories.
- Concussion idiophones are instruments that produce sound by being struck against one another.
- .
- Rattle idiophones are shaken.
- Scraper idiophones are instruments that are scraped with a stick or other foreign objects to give off a sound.
- Plucked idiophones produce sound by plucking a flexible tongue from within the instrument itself.
- Friction idiophones are rubbed to increase vibration and sound intensity.[5]
For example, a pop toob is a brand name for a noisemaker or musical instrument consisting of tubes that are extendable, bendable, and connectable, with the noise being created concussively by the bending and unbending, or popping, of the tube's corrugation,[6] whereas a whirly tube uses corrugated tubing and the difference in speed and thus air pressure to create an aerophone when spun in a circle.
Design
Most idiophones are made of glass, metal, ceramics, and wood. They are considered part of the percussion section in an orchestra.
A number of idiophones that are normally struck, such as vibraphone bars and cymbals, can also be bowed.
See also
References
- ISBN 0-393-02068-1
- ^ "idio-". Etymology Online. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "-phone". Etymology Online. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ Don Michael Rendel, ed., The New Harvard Dictionary of Music, 1986.
- ^ "Idiophones", The Most Comprehensive Music Technology Glossary. Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ United States. Patent and Trademark Office (1995). Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office: Trademarks, Volume 1176, Issue 1, p.288. U.S. Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office. [1] and [2].