Idlib

Coordinates: 35°56′N 36°38′E / 35.933°N 36.633°E / 35.933; 36.633
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Idlib
إِدْلِب
City
Arabic: إدلبي, romanizedIdlibi
Area code23
GeocodeC3871
ClimateCsa
WebsiteeIdleb
Idlib

Idlib (

Syrian Civil War in 2011, and by 2017 was the seat of the Syrian Salvation Government
.

Demographics

In the 2004 census by the

Sunni Muslim,[2] although there was previously a significant Christian minority, but by 2022 there was only a single elderly Christian man left in the city.[3][4][5]
Idlib is divided into six main districts: Ashrafiyah (the most populous), Hittin, Hejaz, Downtown, Hurriyah, and al-Qusour.

History

The Ebla tablets (2350 BC) mention the city of 𒁺𒄷𒆷𒇥𒌝 (du-ḫu-la-bu6-um "Duhulabum") which is most probably located at Idlib as suggested by Michael Astour and Douglas Frayne; a similarity exists between the sounds of the ancient and modern names. In the tablets Duhulabuum is located 22 km south of "Unqi" which might correspond to the modern village of Kaukanya; a village located 22 km northeast of Idlib. Thutmose III also mentioned the city with the name Ytḥb.[6]

Classical Antiquity

Byzantine temple at Ruweiha near Idlib.

Idlib, along with the rest of Syria were conquered by the

Byzantine times in the city, except in its museum. North of the city are the Dead Cities
, a collection of important archaeological sites from the Byzantine era.

Ottoman era

During early

bathhouses and caravanserais, including Khan Abi Ali and Khan al-Ruz.[7]

From the Köprülü period, Idlib was a center of olive production.

Christians.[9] In the late 19th century, Idlib was "flourishing" and still contained a number of Christian families, according to German orientalist Albert Socin.[11]

Syrian civil war and HTS takeover

Ba'athist mural at the Mihrab roundabout in Idlib, defaced after the city's capture by rebel forces in 2015.

During the

Second Battle of Idlib and captured the city,[12] as well as besieging the Shi'a-majority towns of Al-Fu'ah and Kafriya to the north of Idlib city.[13] In April 2015, the interim seat of the Syrian opposition's Syrian Interim Government was proposed to be Idlib,[14] in Idlib Governorate. On 23 July 2017, Tahrir al-Sham, the successor to the al-Nusra Front, expelled the remaining forces of Ahrar al-Sham from Idlib, capturing the entire city.[15]

Climate

Summers are hot and rainless, while winters are rainy and cool.

The all-time record high temperature was 44 °C (111 °F) on June 16, 2012.[17]

Climate data for Idlib
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20
(68)
21
(70)
26
(79)
35
(95)
37
(99)
44
(111)
42
(108)
39
(102)
38
(100)
37
(99)
29
(84)
24
(75)
44
(111)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 11.2
(52.2)
13.4
(56.1)
17.4
(63.3)
22.1
(71.8)
27.1
(80.8)
31.3
(88.3)
34.0
(93.2)
34.2
(93.6)
31.2
(88.2)
26.2
(79.2)
18.7
(65.7)
12.8
(55.0)
23.3
(74.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7)
8.2
(46.8)
11.7
(53.1)
15.9
(60.6)
20.4
(68.7)
24.5
(76.1)
27.0
(80.6)
27.1
(80.8)
24.3
(75.7)
20.0
(68.0)
13.1
(55.6)
8.0
(46.4)
17.2
(63.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)
3.6
(38.5)
6.4
(43.5)
9.9
(49.8)
13.9
(57.0)
17.7
(63.9)
20.5
(68.9)
21.1
(70.0)
18.5
(65.3)
14.7
(58.5)
8.4
(47.1)
4.1
(39.4)
11.8
(53.2)
Record low °C (°F) −5
(23)
−5
(23)
1
(34)
1
(34)
8
(46)
15
(59)
18
(64)
20
(68)
13
(55)
3
(37)
−4
(25)
−5
(23)
−5
(23)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 63
(2.5)
55
(2.2)
43
(1.7)
27
(1.1)
19
(0.7)
4
(0.2)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(0.2)
21
(0.8)
35
(1.4)
62
(2.4)
334
(13.2)
Source 1: Climate-Data.org (1991-2021 altitude: 432m)[16]
Source 2: Voodoo Skies for record temperatures[17]

Economy

Olive orchards at the outskirts of the city. Idlib is a major production center for olives.

Idlib is a major production center for

sesame seeds, figs, grapes and tomatoes.[19] In 1995 there were roughly 300 hectares planted with various citrus crop.[20] Olive oil pressing and textiles are some of the city's local industries.[19] The nearby city of Aleppo has an important economic presence in Idlib.[18]

Idlib is a major agricultural center of Syria, the Idlib area is also historically significant, containing many "dead cities" and tells.

Because of the rapidly declining value of the Syrian pound, the Turkish lira became widespread in use in Idlib and was adopted as legal tender in the city on 15 June 2020.[21]

Culture

The Idlib Regional Museum in the city contains over 17,000 of the Ebla tablets and serves as Idlib's main tourist attraction, excluding the nearby ancient site of Ebla itself. Under the Technical and Financial Cooperation Agreement between the governments of Italy and Syria, the museum was to undergo a restoration and renovation project starting in 2010.[22][needs update]

Sports

Idlib Municipal Stadium
is the main football venue in the city. 35°56′N 36°38′E / 35.933°N 36.633°E / 35.933; 36.633[citation needed]

Refugee and parathlete Dima Aktaa is from the city.[23]

References

  1. ^ "مدينة إدلب السورية". aljazeera.net. Archived from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
  2. ^ Mroue, Bassem. "Syrian forces capture rebel stronghold near Turkey" Archived 2013-09-23 at the Wayback Machine. The Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. 2012-03-13. Retrieved on 2012-03-13.
  3. ^ "Christian evacuees mourn Idlib". Al-Monitor. 17 April 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  4. ^ Saad, Hwaida (23 January 2022). "'Now There is No One': The Lament of One of the Last Christians in a Syrian City". The New York Times.
  5. ^ "'Al-Hajji' Michel Boutros: The last Syrian Christian of Idlib".
  6. from the original on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
  7. ^ Bakhit 2010, p. 60.
  8. ^ "İdlib, meşhur sadrazam Köprülü Mehmed Paşa'nın en büyük vakıflarından birinin merkezi idi". haberturk.com (in Turkish). 9 September 2018.
  9. ^ a b c Porter, 1868, p. 580.
  10. ^ Inalcik, 1997, p.501.
  11. ^ Baedeker, 1912, p.376.
  12. ^ "Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest". Al-Ahram Weekly. 28 May 2015. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  13. ^ Sherlock, Ruth (29 March 2015). "Thousands flee Syrian city Idlib after rebel capture". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  14. ^ "Will Syrian opposition move interim government to Idlib? - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  15. ^ "Following the renewed fighting … Ahrar Al-Sham and Tahrir Al-Sham reconcile". SOHR. 24 July 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  16. ^ a b "Climate: Idlib - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 2013-12-05. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  17. ^ a b "Idlib, Syria". Voodoo Skies. Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  18. ^ a b Casule, 2008, p.56.
  19. ^ a b Idlib, Syria Archived 2012-03-11 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2012. Retrieved on 2012-03-11.
  20. ^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996, p. 147.
  21. ^ DAILY SABAH WITH AGENCIES (2020-06-16). "Idlib follows suit in adopting Turkish lira to shield region from plummeting Syrian pound". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
  22. ^ Ferrari, 2009, p. 522.
  23. ^ Speare-Cole, Rebecca (2020-06-14). "Disabled Syrian refugee helps raise £70k to protect camps from virus". Evening Standard. Retrieved 2022-12-27.

Bibliography

External links

News and events

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