Ignacio López Rayón
Ignacio López Rayón | |
---|---|
Congress of Chilpancingo Deputy of Nueva Galicia | |
In office September 13, 1813 – December 15, 1815 | |
Universal Minister of the Nation and President of the Supreme Council of the Zitacuaro Council | |
In office August 21, 1811 – September 13, 1813 | |
Preceded by | Post established |
Succeeded by | Post abandoned upon creation of the Congress of Chilpancingo |
Personal details | |
Born | José Ignacio Antonio López-Rayón y López-Aguado 31 July 1773 General |
Battles/wars | Mexican War of Independence |
Ignacio López Rayón (July 31, 1773 – February 2, 1832) was a general who led the insurgent forces of his country after
First years
López Rayón was born in Tlalpujahua, Intendancy of Valladolid, the first son of Andrés Mariano López-Rayón Piña (1742–1805) and
Mexican War of Independence
During the first months of the Mexican War of Independence he got in contact with Antonio Fernández, an independence soldier. Rayón sent him a letter with the idea of creating a group of people to represent the power of
Miguel Hidalgo
In Guadalajara, Hidalgo named him Secretary of State, and as such, he signed the emancipation of slaves on December 6, 1810. He organized the provisional government with José María Chico as president, Pascasio Ortiz de Letona as ambassador and Francisco Severo Maldonado as chief editor of the first newspaper of the rebellion: El Despertador Americano (in English: The American Watchclock).
Miguel Hidalgo's army was defeated in the
The army moved to Saltillo, Coahuila. The insurgents' chiefs tried to travel to the United States, while the army remained in Saltillo with Rayón as the army chief; because of this Rayón became general. In this travel Miguel Hidalgo, Ignacio Allende and the others were captured in Wells of Baján and sentenced to death.
Battles after Hidalgo's death
On March 26, 1811, Rayón moved out from Saltillo to Zacatecas. At that time his army comprised 3500 soldiers and 22 guns. The Spanish army found Rayón's army in the way of Agua Nueva, and Rayón lost 77 men (prisoners). On April 1, the battle of los Piñones began, which Rayón won after six hours. On April 13 Rayón sent Pedro María de Anaya and Víctor Rosales to scout the Zacatecas army, while he took position in the "Los Misioneros de Guadalupe college". On April 15, 1811, the battle for Zacatecas began. Patriot general José Antonio Torres (nicknamed "el Amo Torres") conquered the "Cerro del Grillo" hill where all the artillery, ammunition, food and silver was. With these actions Rayón's army won the battle. Once in Zacatecas, Rayón spent most of the time with his army, training, getting uniforms and improving his war techniques.
Rayón chose to move to Aguascalientes because a big Spanish army was coming to Zacatecas. While Rayón's army was traveling, Colonel Miguel Emparan intercepted them, but Rayón won and kept moving toward the Intendancy of Valladolid. On May 3, close to La Piedad, the Battle of El Maguey took place. Rayón lost the battle and his resources. In La Piedad he tried to get more resources and move out to Zamora. Here he organized some troops and sent them with Torres to Pátzcuaro. Torres was attacked in the Tinaja Hill. Rayón went to help him and they both won the battle against the Spanish army.
Rayón tried to attack Valladolid (today's
to attack Zitacuaro on June 22. Rayón had fewer men than Emparan but better artillery. Rayón's army attracted the attackers to town. Close to the artillery range, the battle lasted the whole day. The Spanish could not take the town, with heavy losses for both armies.Zitacuaro Council and the Constitutional Elements
Rayón conceived the idea of creating a central government to unify the independence leaders. He wrote a letter to
From August 19 to 21, Rayón,
After the Zitacuaro events, Rayón took part with José María Morelos in the first National Congress at Chilpancingo.
Four years later, he was arrested by Nicolás Bravo and sent to prison until 1820.[1]
After the war
After the war, he became the state treasurer of San Luis Potosí.
In 1828, he ran for
López Rayón died on February 2, 1832, in Mexico City.
Bibliography
- Herrejón Peredo, Carlos (1985). ISBN 9682905338. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Ansures, Rafael (1909). Oficina tipográfica del gobierno (ed.). Los héroes de la Independencia. Biblioteca Digital Bicentenario. México. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Villaseñor y Villaseñor, Alejandro (1910). "Ignacio Rayón". In Imprenta "El Tiempo" de Victoriano Agüeros (ed.). Biografías de los héroes y caudillos de la Independencia. Biblioteca Digital Bicentenario. México. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Villoro, Luis (2006). "La revolución de independencia". In ISBN 9681209699.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Zárate, Julio (1880). "La Guerra de Independencia". In Riva Palacio, Vicente; Ballescá y Compañía (eds.). México a través de los siglos. Vol. III. México. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
See also
References
- ^ Zárate, Julio (1880). La Guerra de Independencia. En Vicente Riva Palacio. México a través de los siglos. III volumen (México: Ballescá y compañía). Consultado el 25 de marzo de 2010.
External links
- (in Spanish) Short biography