Ihr werdet weinen und heulen, BWV 103

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Ihr werdet weinen und heulen
Jubilate Sunday
Cantata textChristiana Mariana von Ziegler
Bible textJohn 16:20
Choraleby Paul Gerhardt
Performed22 April 1725 (1725-04-22): Leipzig
Movements6
Vocal
  • SATB choir
  • solo: alto, tenor and bass
Instrumental
  • trumpet
  • flauto piccolo
  • 2 oboes d'amore
  • 2 violins
  • viola
  • continuo

Ihr werdet weinen und heulen (You shall weep and wail),

Jubilate
.

Bach composed the cantata in his second year as

flauto piccolo (descant recorder in D) as an obbligato instrument in an aria contemplating the sorrow of missing Jesus, who is addressed as a doctor who shall heal the wounds of sins. Bach scores a trumpet in only one movement, an aria expressing the joy about the predicted return of Jesus. The cantata in six movements closes with a chorale, the ninth stanza of Paul Gerhardt's hymn
"Barmherzger Vater, höchster Gott".

History and words

Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig for the

second coming in the so-called Farewell Discourse, saying "your sorrow shall be turned into joy" (John 16:16–23). For this occasion Bach had already composed in 1714 Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen, BWV 12, which he used later as the basis for the movement Crucifixus in his Mass in B minor.[2]

In his second year in Leipzig, Bach composed

librettist.[3] Nine of his cantatas for consecutive occasions in the period between Easter and Pentecost are based on texts by Christiana Mariana von Ziegler, this one being the first of the series especially written for Bach.[4] He had possibly commissioned them in 1724 for his first cantata cycle but not composed them at that time, because of his exceptional workload in creating the St John Passion.[5]

The librettist begins with a quotation from the Gospel, verse 20, and concludes with the ninth stanza of Paul Gerhardt's hymn "Barmherzger Vater, höchster Gott" (1653).[6] Her own poetry reflects, in a sequence of recitatives and arias, in two movements sadness at the loss of Jesus, and in two others joy at his predicted return. Bach edited her writing considerably, for example in movement 4, excising two lines of four and rephrasing the others.[2]

Bach first performed the cantata on 22 April 1725 with the

flauto traverso.[3]

Scoring and structure

The size of a D-descant recorder (sixth flute) is between the two smallest ones illustrated here.

The cantata in six movements is scored for three vocal soloists (

flauto piccolo (descant recorder in D), two oboes d'amore, two violins, viola and continuo.[2]

  1. Chorus and arioso (bass): Ihr werdet weinen und heulen
  2. Recitative (tenor): Wer sollte nicht in Klagen untergehn
  3. Aria (alto): Kein Arzt ist außer dir zu finden
  4. Recitative (alto): Du wirst mich nach der Angst auch wiederum erquicken
  5. Aria (tenor): Erholet euch, betrübte Sinnen
  6. Chorale: Ich hab dich einen Augenblick

Music

The cantata begins in B minor, illustrating sorrow, but in movement 4 shifts to the relative major key of D major, illustrating the theme of consolation in Ziegler's text.[2]

The opening chorus has an unusual structure, which includes an

adagio, "Ihr aber werdet traurig sein" (But you will be sad)[1] as an accompagnato recitative. Musicologist Julian Mincham notes: "This recitative is a mere eight bars long but its context and piteousness give it enormous dramatic impact. Bach's lack of respect for the conservative Leipzig authorities' dislike of operatic styles in religious music was never more apparent!"[7] Klaus Hofmann compares the recitative's "highly expressive melody and harmony" to Bach's Passions.[4] Finally, the extended sequence of fugue and ritornello with chorus returns transposed, on the text "Doch eure Traurigkeit soll in Freude verkehret werden" (Yet your sorrow shall be changed into joy).[1] According to Alfred Dürr, the architecture of the movement is a large scale experiment combining elements of the older style of a text-related motet with the form of a concerto of instrumental groups and voices, as typically used by Bach.[2]

John Eliot Gardiner, 2007

Bach Cantata Pilgrimage with the Monteverdi Choir in 2000, notes that Bach's "strategy is to superimpose these opposite moods, binding them in a mutually enlightening whole and emphasising that it is the same God who both dispenses and then ameliorates these conditions.[8]

Movement 2 is a secco recitative for tenor, concluding in an arioso section with a "deeply moving" melisma on the word "Schmerzen" (sorrows).[7] Movement 3, "Kein Arzt ist außer dir zu finden" (Besides You is no doctor to be found)[1] is an aria for alto with the obbligato flauto piccolo, which according to Mincham, employs a "figuration ever striving upwards, moderates the underlying sense of potential tragedy".[7] The alto recitative "marks a change of scene", it begins in B minor, like the opening chorus, but modulates to D-major and ends with a wide-ranging coloratura marking the word "Freude" (joy).[4][7] Movement 5, "Erholet euch, betrübte Sinnen" (Recover now, O troubled feelings),[1] picks up the joyful coloraturas, supported by the trumpet and fanfares in triads in the orchestra,[4] Mincham notes that the trumpet "bursts upon us with an energy, acclamation and jubilation unheard, so far, in this work".[7] The cantata is closed with a four-part setting of the chorale, sung to the melody of "Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit"[9] which Bach used frequently, including in his St Matthew Passion.[7]

Recordings

The entries of the following table are taken from the listing on the Bach Cantatas Website.[10] For several recordings, the name of the bass soloist is not provided. Ensembles playing period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background.

Recordings of Ihr werdet weinen und heulen
Title Conductor / Choir / Orchestra Soloists Label Year Orch. type
Bach Made in Germany Vol. 1 - Cantatas IV
Gewandhausorchester
Eterna 1951 (1951)
Les Grandes Cantates de J. S. Bach Vol. 22
Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn
Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra
Erato 1966 (1966)
Bach Kantaten, Vol. 8: BWV 103, BWV 85, BWV 86, BWV 144 Diethard Hellmann
Bachchor Mainz
Bachorchester Mainz
DdM-Records Mitterteich late 1960s?
J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk · Complete Cantatas · Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 26 – BWV 103–106 Gustav Leonhardt
Leonhardt-Consort
Teldec 1980 (1980) Period
Die Bach Kantate Vol. 32 Helmuth Rilling
Gächinger Kantorei
Bach-Collegium Stuttgart
Hänssler
 1981 (1981)
Bach Edition Vol. 12 – Cantatas Vol. 6
Holland Boys Choir
Netherlands Bach Collegium
Brilliant Classics 1999 (1999) Period
Bach Cantatas Vol. 24: Altenburg/Warwick / For the 3rd Sunday after Easter (Jubilate) / For the 4th Sunday after Easter (Cantate) John Eliot Gardiner
English Baroque Soloists
Soli Deo Gloria 2000 (2000) Period
J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 14 Ton Koopman
Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir
Antoine Marchand 2001 (2001) Period
J. S. Bach: Wir danken dir, Gott" Philippe Herreweghe
Collegium Vocale Gent
Harmonia Mundi France 1999 (1999) Period
J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 36 (Cantatas from Leipzig 1725) – BWV 6, 42, 103, 108 Masaaki Suzuki
Bach Collegium Japan
BIS 1999 (1999) Period
J. S. Bach: Kantate BWV 103 "Ihr werdet weinen und heulen" Rudolf Lutz
Schola Seconda Pratica
Gallus Media 2010 (2010) Period


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 103 – Ihr werdet weinen und heulen". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4
    .
  3. ^ a b Wolff, Christoph. "Conclusion of the second yearly cycle (1724–25) of the Leipzig church cantatas" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. p. 2. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d Hofmann, Klaus (2007). "Ihr werdet weinen und heulen / Ye shall weep and lament, BWV 103" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  5. ^ Gardiner, John Eliot (2006). "Cantatas for Whit Monday / Holy Trinity, Long Melford" (PDF). Bach Cantatas Website. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
  6. ^ "Barmherzger Vater, höchster Gott / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Mincham, Julian (2010). "Chapter 45 BWV 103 Ihr werdet weinen und heulen / You shall weep and wail, though the world will rejoice". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  8. ^ Gardiner, John Eliot (2005). Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 12, 103, 108, 117, 146 & 166 (Media notes). Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website). Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  9. ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Was mein Gott will, das g'scheh allzeit". Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
  10. ^ Oron, Aryeh (2015). "Cantata BWV 103 Ihr werdet weinen und heulen". Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 18 August 2015.

Sources

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