Ijima's leaf warbler
Ijima's leaf warbler | |
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Warbler in Taiwan (April 2021) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Phylloscopidae |
Genus: | Phylloscopus |
Species: | P. ijimae
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Binomial name | |
Phylloscopus ijimae (
Stejneger , 1892) | |
Synonyms | |
Acanthopneuste ijimae (protonym)[2] |
Ijima's leaf warbler (Phylloscopus ijimae) (also known as Izu leaf warbler, Ijima's willow warbler or Ijima's warbler) is a species of
Taxonomy
Ijima's leaf warbler is a
Description
Ijima's leaf warbler is a small passerine with a total length of 11.5 cm (4.5 in) and weight of around 10 g (0.35 oz).[16] The crown and nape are a greenish-grey, upperparts a bright olive green, flanks greyish, and underparts white.[7] It has a long white or buffish-white supercilium, blackish eyestripe, and dark brown iris.[7] The beak is relatively long and "broad-based", the upper mandible dark brown, the lower yellowish, and the legs and feet a pinkish brown.[1][7]
The warbler is similar in appearance to the eastern crowned warbler (Phylloscopus coronatus), from which it may be distinguished visually by the absence of a central stripe on its crown and by its paler yellow undertail coverts.[7][15] Its song and calls, which include "swss, swss, swss", "swee-swee-swee-swee-swee", "shwee-it, shweet, shweet, shweet", and a soft "se-chui, se-chui, se-chui" and "phi-phi-phi",[7] also differ from those of the eastern crowned warbler.[17]
Distribution and habitat
Ijima's leaf warbler breeds in the summer in the Izu Islands, from Izu Ōshima to Aogashima, and also on Nakanoshima in the Tokara Islands.[16][18] In the spring and autumn, there are records of its presence from Honshū (Shizuoka, Aichi, and Wakayama prefectures), Mizunoko-jima, Tanegashima, Yakushima, and Okinawa Island and the Yaeyama Islands in the Ryūkyūs.[16][18] Its wintering grounds are poorly understood; a small number may overwinter in the Izu Islands (Miyake-jima and Hachijō-jima[17]) and Ryūkyū Islands, while there are also records from Taiwan and Luzon in the northern Philippines.[15][18] It inhabits the "lowland deciduous and mixed subtropical evergreen forest" and laurel forest, including the forest edge, stands of alder (Alnus) and bamboo, and shrubland.[15][18]
Ecology
Insects form the principal component of its diet — when written in kanji (飯島虫喰),[17] the warbler's Japanese name reads as "Ijima's insect-eater" — which also includes seeds.[18] For these it forages, singly or in small groups (sometimes including other species, in particular long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus)), on lower branches, in the forest canopy, and on the ground, and it may also take prey in mid-air.[18][19]
The breeding season is from April to June or July.[16][18] Nests are built some 0.5–2 m (1 ft 8 in – 6 ft 7 in) from the ground,[7] on broad-leaved trees and in bamboo (this nesting behaviour differs from that of the eastern crowned warbler, which nests on the ground and in earthen banks).[18] The clutch size ranges from two to four eggs, with three or four the most common.[18]
Conservation
The declining population, thought to total fewer than 10,000 individuals,[1] is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation.[7][15] In addition, the availability of prey may be impacted by the use of pesticides.[18] The species was badly affected by the eruption of Miyake-jima in 2000.[18]
With an estimated 3% of the global population, Phylloscopus ijimae (Chinese: 飯島柳鶯) is included on the 2016 Red List of Birds of Taiwan with the status "vulnerable".[20]: 38 (The species is also included on the 2016 Red List of China's Vertebrates (with the vernacular name 日本冕柳莺), with the status "near threatened".[21]: 523 ) In the Philippines, the species is included on the National List of Threatened Fauna, as a migrant bird on Luzon, with the status "vulnerable".[22] On the 2020 Japanese Ministry of the Environment Red List, Phylloscopus ijimae (Japanese: イイジマムシクイ) has the status "vulnerable",[23] as it had done also on the 1998 and 2007 editions.[16]
See also
References
- ^ . Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 15 (906): 371–373.
- ^ .
- ^ JSTOR 4080070.
- ^ CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.2944.
- ^ イイジマムシクイ [Ijima's leaf warbler] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ ISBN 84-96553-06-X.
- .
- .
- ^ Ticehurst, C.B. (1938). A Systematic Review of the Genus Phylloscopus. London: Trustees of the British Museum. p. 162.
- hdl:2246/4956.
- hdl:2246/4956.
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (2022). "IOC World Bird List v12.1: Bushtits, leaf warblers, reed warblers". IOC World Bird List. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-4729-0573-4.
- ^ a b c d e イイジマムシクイ [Phylloscopus ijimae] (in Japanese). Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ ISBN 978-4-324-09896-7.
- ^ ISBN 4-09-480073-5.
- ^ ISBN 0-946888-43-4.
- ^ Clement, P. (2006). "Ijima's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus ijimae". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Cornell University. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ISBN 978-986-05-1406-3.
- .
- ^ "National List of Threatened Fauna". Biodiversity Management Bureau. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ レッドリスト2020 鳥類 [2020 Red List: Birds] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. 27 March 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2022.