Guercino
Guercino | |
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Born | Giovanni Francesco Barbieri February 8, 1591 |
Died | December 22, 1666 | (aged 75)
Nationality | Italian |
Known for | Painting, drawing |
Movement | Baroque |
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (February 8, 1591 – December 22, 1666),[1] better known as (il) Guercino[2] (Italian pronunciation: [ɡwerˈtʃiːno]), was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.
Biography
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri was born into a family of
His painting
Rome
Guercino was recommended by Marchese
Return to Bologna
Following the death of Gregory XV in 1623, Guercino returned to his hometown of Cento. In 1626, he began his
Works and pupils
Guercino was remarkable for the extreme rapidity of his executions: he completed no fewer than 106 large altarpieces for churches, and his other paintings amount to about 144. He was also a prolific draftsman. His production includes many drawings, usually in ink, washed ink, or red chalk. Most of them were made as preparatory studies for his paintings, but he also drew landscapes,
Guercino continued to paint and teach until the end of his life, amassing a notable fortune. He died on December 22, 1666, in Bologna.[23] As he never married, his estate passed to his nephews and pupils, Benedetto Gennari II and Cesare Gennari.[7] Other pupils include Giulio Coralli,[24] Giuseppe Bonati of Ferrara,[25] Cristoforo Serra of Cesena,[26] Father Cesare Pronti of Ferrara,[27] Sebastiano Ghezzi,[28] Sebastiano Bombelli,[29] Lorenzo Bergonzoni of Bologna,[30] Francesco Paglia of Brescia.,[31] Benedetto Zallone of Cento, Bartolomeo Caravoglia,[32] Giuseppe Maria Galeppini of Forli, and Matteo Loves.
Works
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Moonlit Landscape (c. 1616, oil on canvas, 55 × 71 cm, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden).[33] An early, naturalistic landscape.
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Harvesting (1615–1617, fresco, transferred to canvas, 18 × 23.5 cm, Pinacoteca, Cento, Italy). One of the frescos created (with the assistance of Lorenzo Gennari[6]) for Casa Pannini in Cento.[34] (Guercino himself came from a family of peasant farmers.)
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Samson Seized by the Philistines, 1619 This work showcases the biblical scene where Samson the Nazarite is betrayed by his lover Delilah. In the painting Samson is at the center, though his face cannot be seen, and surrounding him are the Philistines who have come to blind him after cutting off his hair, his source of strength. The men holding the tool that will be used to blind Samson can be seen as well as the man holding the scissors that had been used to cut Samson's hair. The figure in the righthand corner is interpreted to either be an angel looking on reminding Samson that his eventual sacrifice to save the Hebrews is right and seen in a good light by God or as an onlooker who was fleeing the scene but could not help from looking back.
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Return of the Prodigal Son, 1619
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St William Receiving the Monastic Habit (1620, oil on canvas, 348.5 × 231 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna, Italy),[37] painted for St Gregory Church in Bologna, was Guercino's largest ecclesiastical commission at the time and is considered a high point of his early career.[7]
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Aurora, (1621, ceiling fresco, tempera, 530 × 1030 cm,painted by Guido Reni at Palazzo Rospigliosi on behalf of a Ludovisi family rival and makes a statement of political triumph.[39]
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Capturing Christ, 1621
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Saint Matthew and the Angel, 1622
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La morte di Didone, 1631
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Christ and the Woman of Samaria II, c. 1640–1641
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Atlas holding up the celestial globe, 1646
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St Peter Weeping before the Virgin, 1647
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Mars with Cupid, 1649
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Cleopatra and Octavian, 1649
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Joseph and Potiphar's Wife, 1649, National Gallery of Art
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St. Cecilia, 1649
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Susanna and the Elders, 1650
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David with the Head of Goliath, circa 1650
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The Vocation of Saint Aloysius Gonzaga, 1650
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Personification of Astrology, ca. 1650–1655, Blanton Museum of Art, Texas
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The Return of the Prodigal Son, 1651
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King David, 1651
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Samson and Delilah, 1654
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Saint Joseph's Dream, 1600-1650
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Saint Jerome, c.1640-1650
Exhibitions
A groundbreaking exhibition held at the
Citations
- ^ Miller, 1964
- ^ "Beside the easel". besidetheeasel.blogspot.se. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
- ^ "Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, called Guercino – Ottavio Leoni". www.ngv.vic.gov.au. National Gallery of Victoria. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ Scholtz et al, 2019
- PMID 30347053.
- ^ a b Mahon, 1937a
- ^ a b c Turner, 2003
- ^ Griswold 1991, p. 6
- ^ "Casa Pannini di Cento". www.geoplan.it (in Italian). Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Stone, pp. 3, 37.
- ^ "La Carraccina". bbcc.ibc.regione.emilia-romagna.it (in Italian). Regione Emilia Romagna. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- ^ Lubbock, Tom (23 February 2007). "Guercino: Et in Arcadia Ego (1618–22)". The Independent. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
- ^ "Palazzo Pitti: Galleria Palatina – Apollo e Marsia". www.abcfirenze.com (in Italian).
- ^ "Et in Arcadia Ego by Guercino". www.wga.hu. Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Griswold 1991, p. 13
- ^ "Samson Captured by the Philistines". www.metmuseum.org. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
- ^ Vivian, 1971
- ^ Lawrence Gowing, ed., Biographical Encyclopedia of Artists, v.2 (Facts on File, 2005): 291.
- ^ Griswold 1991, p. 35
- ^ Gozzi, Fausto (2006). "Sacro e Profano nelle Incisioni da Guercino" (in Italian). Culturalia. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
- ^ "Guercino's Saint Luke Displaying a Painting of the Virgin". Smarthistory at Khan Academy. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- ^ Griswold 1991, p. 36
- ^ "Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri) | The Vocation of Saint Aloysius (Luigi) Gonzaga". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
- ^ Orlandi, 1719, p. 207
- ^ Orlandi, p. 207
- ^ Orlandi, p. 120.
- ^ Orlandi, p. 350.
- ^ Orlandi, p. 399
- ^ Orlandi, p. 397.
- ^ Orlandi, p. 294.
- ^ Orlandi, p. 171
- ^ Lanzi, 1847, pp. 309–310
- ^ "Giovanni Francesco Barbieri Il Guercino". emp-web-84.zetcom.ch. Nationalmuseum. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
- ^ "Barbieri Giovan Francesco, Mietitura". catalogo.fondazionezeri.unibo.it. Fondazione Zeri, University of Bologna. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
- ^ "Susannah and the Elders - The Collection". Museo Nacional del Prado. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
- ^ a b Posner, 1968
- ^ "San Guglielmo d'Aquitania riceve l'abito religioso da San Felice Vescovo. (Vestizione di San Guglielmo)". www.pinacotecabologna.beniculturali.it (in Italian). Retrieved 13 February 2019.
- ^ Vodret and Gozzi, 2011, pp. 159–161
- ^ Unger, 2016, p. 9; "Aurora by Guercino". www.wga.hu. Web Gallery of Art. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ Mahon, 1992, p. 7
- ^ van Serooskerken, 1991
- ^ Vodret and Gozzi, 2011
- ^ "Guercino. Triumf baroku" [Guercino. Triumph of the Baroque]. www.legitymizm.org (in Polish). Organizacja Monarchistów Polskich. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
References
- Books and articles on Guercino
- Griswold, William M (1991). "Guercino". Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. 48 (4): 5–56. JSTOR 3258858.
- Lanzi, Luigi (1847). History of Painting in Italy; From the Period of the Revival of the Fine Arts to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Vol. III. Translated by Thomas Roscoe. London: Henry G. Bohn.
- JSTOR 866850.
- Mahon, Denis (1937b). "Notes on the Young Guercino II. – Cento and Ferrara". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 70 (409): 177–189. JSTOR 866750.
- Mahon, Denis (1992). Guercino: Master Painter of Baroque. National Gallery of Art. ISBN 978-0-89468-167-7.
- Miller, Dwight C. (1964). "Barbieri, Giovanni Francesco detto il Guercino". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 6.
- Orlandi, Pellegrino Antonio; Guarienti, Pietro (1719), Abecedario pittorico, Naples.
- Posner, Donald (1968). "The Guercino Exhibition at Bologna". The Burlington Magazine. 110 (788): 596–607. JSTOR 875813.
- Scholtz, Sibylle; MacMorris, Lee; Krogmann, Frank; Auffarth, Gerd U (2019). "Lights and darks of a picture. The life of Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, "il Guercino" – the squinter". Strabismus. 27 (1): 39–42. S2CID 58585811. (subscription required)
- van Serooskerken, Carel van Tuyll (1991). "Guercino. Bologna, Cento and Frankfurt". The Burlington Magazine. 133 (1065): 864–868. JSTOR 885077.
- Stone, David M (1991). Guercino: Catalogo Completo Dei Dipinti (in Italian). Cantini. ISBN 978-88-7737-137-9.
- Turner, Nicholas (2003). "Guercino". Oxford Art Online. Oxford Art Online (Grove Art). ISBN 9781884446054. (subscription required)
- Unger, Daniel M (2016). Guercino's Paintings and His Patrons' Politics in Early Modern Italy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-56482-3.
- Vivian, Frances (1971). "Guercino Seen from the Archivio Barberini". The Burlington Magazine. 113 (814): 22–29. JSTOR 876502.
- Vodret, Rossella; Gozzi, Fausto (2011). Guercino (1591–1666): capolavori da Cento e da Roma (in Italian). Giunti. ISBN 9788809775350.
Further reading
- Amorini, Antonio Bolognini (1843). "Parte Quinta". Vite de Pittori ed Artifici Bolognesi (in Italian). Tipografia Governativa alla Volpe, Bologna. pp. 223–272.
External links
External videos | |
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Guercino's Saint Luke Displaying a Painting of the Virgin, Smarthistory |
- 53 artworks by or after Guercino at the Art UK site
- Paintings by Guercino on the Web Gallery of Art
- Getty exhibition of Guercino drawings
- Encyclopædia Britannica, Il Guercino
- Pinacoteca Civica Il Guercino
- Virtual exhibition "Guercino a Fano" in high resolution
- Jusepe de Ribera, 1591–1652, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Guercino (see index)
- Velázquez , an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Guercino (see index)