Ileocecal valve

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ileocecal valve
Muscular sphincter
Identifiers
Latinvalva ileocaecalis s. papilla ilealis
MeSHD007080
FMA15973
Anatomical terminology]

The ileocecal valve (ileal papilla, ileocaecal valve, Tulp's valve, Tulpius valve, Bauhin's valve, ileocecal eminence, valve of Varolius or colic valve) is a

sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine.[1] Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum.[2]
Approximately two liters of fluid enters the colon daily through the ileocecal valve.

Microanatomy

The

muscularis externa is also noted.[1]

There is also a variable amount of

lymphatic tissue found at the valve.[3]

The ileocecal valve has a papillose structure.

Clinical significance

Colonoscopy

During

appendiceal orifice, in the identification of the cecum. This is important as it indicates that a complete colonoscopy has been performed. The ileocecal valve is typically located on the last fold before entry into the cecum and can be located from the direction of curvature of the appendiceal orifice, in what is known as the bow and arrow sign.[4]

Intubation of the ileocecal valve is typically performed in colonoscopy to evaluate the distal, or lowest, part of the ileum. Small bowel endoscopy can also be performed by double-balloon enteroscopy through intubation of the ileocecal valve.[5]

Lesions

Tumors of the ileocecal valve are rare, but have been reported in the literature.[6][7] Other benign lesions may also occur on the ileocecal valve, which are often hard to diagnose and treat surgically.[8]

History

The ileocecal valve was described by the Dutch physician Nicolaes Tulp (1593–1674), and thus it is sometimes known as Tulp's valve.

The ileocecal valve was also described in 1588 by Gaspard Bauhin—hence the name Bauhin's Valve or Valve of Bauhin—in the preface of his first writing, De corporis humani partibus externis tractatus, hactenus non editus.

Additional images

  • Ileum, cecum and ascending colon
    Ileum, cecum and ascending colon
  • Cecum and ileum
    Cecum and ileum
  • Ileo-cecal valve
    Ileo-cecal valve
  • Ileo-cecal valve
    Ileo-cecal valve

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 20747499
    .
  2. ^ Barret KE. "Lange Gastrointestinal Physiology". The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2006.
  3. ^ Burkitt HG, Young B, Heath JW. Wheater's Functional Histology: a text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingstone, London, 1993.
  4. ^ Cotton PB, Williams CB. Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Blackwell Publishers, London, 1996
  5. PMID 16301054
    .
  6. PMID 16249985
    .
  7. PMID 15729248
    .
  8. PMID 13232170
    .

External links
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