Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
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Imperial Japanese Armed Forces | |
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大日本帝国軍 | |
Founded | 3 January 1868[1] |
Disbanded | November 1945 |
Service branches | |
Headquarters | Imperial General Headquarters |
Leadership | |
Emperor of Japan | Meiji (1868–1912) Taishō (1912–1926) Hirohito (1926–1945) |
Personnel | |
Conscription | 18–35 |
Related articles | |
History | Military history of Japan |
Ranks | Army ranks Navy ranks |
The Imperial Japanese Armed Forces (IJAF) were the unified forces of the Empire of Japan. Formed during the Meiji Restoration in 1868,[1] they were disbanded in 1945, shortly after Japan's defeat to the Allies of World War II; the revised Constitution of Japan, drafted during the Allied occupation of Japan, replaced the IJAF with the present-day Japan Self-Defense Forces.[2]
The Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy functioned as the IJAF's primary service branches, with the country's aerial power being split between the Army Air Service under the former and the Navy Air Service under the latter.
History
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The IJAF was founded with an edict emanated on 3 January 1868, as part of the Japanese reorganization of the army and the application of innovations during the
The IJAF also served in
Organization
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2021) |
During the pre-war era the army and navy had separate school branches.
During the
Some equipment was also procured separately.
Interservice rivalry
The Imperial Army and Navy had a fierce interservice rivalry centering around how the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces ought to secure territories containing valuable natural resources not available at home to fuel and grow the Japanese economy. The Army mainly supported the
Main chronology
Under Emperor Meiji
- 1870 (1870) Proclamation of unified military system (Army is French-style, Navy is British-style)
- 1871 (1871) Goshinpei are organized by donations from Satsuma, Choshu, and Tosa.
- Proclamation of conscription order in 1873
- 1874 Saga Rebellion, Taiwan troop dispatch
- Ganghwa Island Incident in 1875
- 1876 Kumamoto Shinfuren Rebellion, Akizuki Rebellion, Hagi Rebellion
- Meiji 10 (1877) Satsuma Rebellion
- 1882 (1882) Promulgation of the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers
- 1888 (1888) Promulgation of the Army General Staff Ordinance, the Navy General Staff Ordinance, and the Division Headquarters Ordinance
- 1889 (Meiji 22) Promulgation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- 1893 (Meiji 26) Promulgation of the Wartime Imperial Headquarters Ordinance
- Meiji 27 (1894) Sino-Japanese War
- The Sino-Japanese War ended in 1895. Japanese troops requisition Taiwan based on the Treaty of Shimonoseki
- 1899 (Meiji 32) Boxer Rebellion Incident
- 1900 (Meiji 33) Established an active military officer system of the military minister, Kitasei incident
- Meiji 37 (1904) Russo-Japanese War
- 1905 (Meiji 38) Operation Sakhalin, the end of the Russo-Japanese War
Under Emperor Taishō
- In 1913, the military minister can be appointed as a reserve, back-up, or retired general.
- 1914 Siemens scandal, World War I (Battle of Qingdao)
- 1918 Siberian intervention, end of World War I
- 1919 (Taisho 8) Promulgation of the Kwantung Army Headquarters Ordinance
- Nikolayevsk Incident in 1920
- 1921 Washington Naval Treaty
- The Amakasu Incident in 1923
- Siberian intervention ended in 1925, Ugaki military contraction
Under Emperor Shōwa
- Shōwa 2 (1927)
- First Shandong troops
- First Nanking Incident
- Shōwa 3 (1928)
- Second Shandong troops
- Jinan Incident
- Zhang Zuolin bombing case
- Shōwa 5 (1930)
- London Naval Treaty
- Taiwan Musha Incident
- Shōwa 6 (1931)
- March Incident
- Manchurian Incident
- October Incident
- Shōwa 7 (1932)
- January 28 Incident
- May 15 Incident
- Manchuria founded
- Shōwa 9 (1934)
- Washington Naval Treaty abolished
- Shōwa 11 (1936)
- February 26 Incident
- Resurrection of the military minister's active military service system
- Japan-Germany Anti-Comintern Pact
- Shōwa 12 (1937)
- China Incident (Sino-Japanese War)
- Marco Polo Bridge Incident
- Tongzhou case
- Battle of Beiping-Tianjin
- Battle of Shanghai
- Rape of Nanking
- Shōwa 13 (1938)
- Battle of Wuhan
- Battle of Lake Khasan
- Promulgation of the National Mobilization Law
- Shōwa 14 (1939)
- The Battle of Khalkhin Gol
- Shōwa 15 (1940)
- Annexation of French Indochina
- Shōwa 16 (1941)
- Declaration of war against the United States and United Kingdom, Greater East Asia War (Pacific War), Southern Operation (Invasion of Hong Kong, Malayan Campaign, Pearl Harbor attack, etc.)
- Sinking of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse
- Shōwa 17 (1942)
- Battle of Rabaul (start of New Guinea Campaign)
- Fall of Singapore
- Bombing of Darwin
- Dutch East Indies Campaign
- Battle of Yunnan-Burma Road
- Battle of Ceylon
- Battle of Midway
- Kokoda Track Campaign
- Shōwa 18 (1943)
- Battle of Guadalcanal Island
- Navy Instep Incident
- Battle of Attu
- Shōwa 19 (1944)
- Navy B case
- Operation C (U Go Offensive)
- Operation Ichi-Go
- Battle of Mariana and Palau Islands
- Philippines Defense Battle
- Creation of a special attack corps
- Shōwa 20 (1945)
- February Yalta Conference
- Rape of Manila
- Battle of Iwo Jima
- March Tokyo air raid
- Battle of Okinawa
- Participation in the Soviet Union against Japan (Soviet invasion of Manchuria / Battle of Sakhalin / Battle of Shumshu)
- Accepting the Potsdam Declaration
- Soviet troops occupy the South Karafuto and Kuril Islands
- September 2-Japanese Instrument of Surrender Signing Ceremony on Battleship Missouri (Japanese Instrument of Surrender, All Armies Stopped Combat, Disarmament Order), Greater East Asia War (Pacific War) and End of World War II
- Soviet Union occupies the Northern Territories
- November The Ministry of the Army and the Ministry of the Navy are dismantled and become the 1st Ministry of Demobilization and the 2nd Ministry of Demobilization.
- Shōwa 21 (1946)
- May International Military Tribunal for the Far East opens
- November 3-Promulgation of the Constitution of Japan
- Shōwa 22 (1947)
- May 3-Enforcement of the Constitution of Japan
- Shōwa 25 (1950)
- August 10-Establishment of National Police Reserve
- Shōwa 27 (1952)
- August 10-National Safety Forces reorganization
- Shōwa 29 (1954)
- July 1-Established "Self-Defense Forces (land, sea, aviation)" and established the Defense Agency (shifted to "Ministry of Defense" on January 9, 2007)
References
- ^ a b "One can date the 'restoration' of imperial rule from the edict of 3 January 1868." Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 334.
- ^ "Chronological table 5 1 December 1946 - 23 June 1947". National Diet Library. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Junnosuke Kobara (14 November 2021). "Taiwan threat tears down silos at Japan's Self-Defense Forces". Nikkei. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021.