Emmerich Kálmán

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Emmerich Kálmán (Hungarian: Kálmán Imre; 24 October 1882 – 30 October 1953) was a Hungarian composer of operettas and a prominent figure in the development of Viennese operetta in the 20th century. Among his most popular works are Die Csárdásfürstin (1915) and Gräfin Mariza (1924). Influences on his compositional style include Hungarian folk music (such as the csárdás), the Viennese style of precursors such as Johann Strauss II and Franz Lehár, and, in his later works, American jazz. As a result of the Anschluss, Kálmán and his family fled to Paris and then to the United States. He eventually returned to Europe in 1949 and died in Paris in 1953.

Biography

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Kálmán was born Imre Koppstein in

However, the popularity of his humorous cabaret songs led him towards the composition of

Kálmán and Franz Lehár were the leading composers of what has been called the "Silver Age" of Viennese operetta during the first quarter of the 20th century. He became well known for his fusion of Viennese waltz with Hungarian csárdás. Even so, polyphonically and melodically, Kálmán was a devoted follower of Giacomo Puccini, while in his orchestration methods he employed principles characteristic of Tchaikovsky's music.

In 1929, his first child (with

Despite his Jewish origins he was one of Adolf Hitler's favorite composers. After the Anschluss, he rejected Hitler's offer to become an 'honorary Aryan' and was forced to move first to Paris, then to the United States, settling in California in 1940.^[2]

Last years and death

Following his emigration, performances of his works were prohibited in Nazi Germany. He emigrated back to Vienna from New York in 1949 before moving in 1951 to Paris, where he died.^{[citation needed]}

Popular culture

In 1958 a West German biopic The Csardas King was made of his life, starring Gerhard Riedmann in the lead role.

The supporters of both the national football and handball team of Iceland use his composition Das Veilchen vom Montmartre as their anthem.

Operettas

• Tatárjárás (The Mongol Invasion) – Budapest, 1908
  • Ein Herbstmanöver – Vienna, 1909 (German version of Tatárjárás)
  • The Gay Hussars – Knickerbocker Theatre, Broadway, New York, 1909 (American version of Tatárjárás)^[3]
  • Autumn Manoeuvres – London, 1912 (English version of Tatárjárás)
• Az obsitos (The Veteran) – Budapest, 1910
  • Der gute Kamerad – Vienna, 1911 (German revision of Az Obsitos)
  • Gold gab ich für Eisen – Vienna, 1914 (revision of Der gute Kamerad)
  • Her Soldier Boy –
    Shubert Theatre, New York, 1916/17^[4]
  • Soldier Boy – London, 1918
• Der Zigeunerprimas (The Gypsy Band Leader) – Vienna, 1912
  • Sari – Liberty Theatre, New Amsterdam Theatre, New York, 1914^[5]
• The Blue House – London, 1912
• Der kleine König (The Little King) – Vienna, 1912
• Zsuzsi kisasszony – Budapest, 1915
  • Miss Springtime – New Amsterdam Theatre, New York, 1916/17^[6]
  • Die Faschingsfee – Vienna, 1917 (German revision of Zsuzsi kisasszony)
• Die Csárdásfürstin – Vienna, 1915
  • The Riviera Girl – New Amsterdam Theatre, New York, 1917^[7]
  • The Gipsy Princess – London, 1921
• Das Hollandweibchen – Vienna, 1920
  • A Little Dutch Girl – London, 1920
  • La Holandesita – Spain, 1921 (Spanish version by Casimiro Giralt)
  • The Dutch Girl – U.S., 1925
• Die Bajadere – Vienna, 1921
  • The Yankee Princess – Knickerbocker Theatre, New York, 1922^[8]
• Gräfin Mariza
  – Vienna, 1924
  • Countess Maritza – Shubert Theatre, New York, 1926/27, with Yvonne d'Arle in the title role.^[9][10]
  • Maritza – London, 1938
• Die Zirkusprinzessin – Vienna, 1926
  • The Circus Princess – Winter Garden Theatre, New York, 1927^[11]
• Golden Dawn – Hammerstein's Theatre, New York, 1927/28^[12]
• Die Herzogin von Chicago – Vienna, 1928
  • The Duchess of Chicago – U.S., 1929
• Das Veilchen vom Montmartre – Vienna, 1930
  • Paris in Spring – U.S., 1930
  • A Kiss in Spring – London, 1932
• Der Teufelsreiter (Az ördöglovas – The Devil Rider) – Vienna, 1932
• Kaiserin Josephine – Zurich, 1936
• Miss Underground – written 1942, unproduced
• Marinka – Winter Garden Theatre, Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York, 1945^[13]
• Arizona Lady – Bern, 1954

References

Notes

Further reading

• ISBN 978-3-932696-70-1
  . (examines Kálmán's jazz-operettas of the 1920s, with extensive English quotes from historical Broadway- and West End reviews)
• Historical reviews and a biography/worklist by Kurt Gänzl
• Wright Martin, Jessie (August 2005). A Survey of the Operettas of Emmerich Kálmán (PDF) (Doctor of Musical Arts). Louisiana State University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
• ISBN 5-17-021655-6
  . (pp. 201–345)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emmerich Kálmán.

• Free scores by Emmerich Kálmán at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
• Links to numerous Kálmán recordings
• Emmerich Kálmán at the Internet Broadway Database
• Emmerich Kálmán at
  IMDb