Inclusion (disability rights)
Disability |
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Neurodiversity paradigm |
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Inclusion, in relation to persons with
Common barriers to full social and economic inclusion of persons with disabilities include inaccessible physical environments and methods of public transportation, lack of assistive devices and technologies, non-adapted means of communication, gaps in service delivery. Discriminatory prejudice and stigma in society, and systems and policies that are either non-existent or that hinder the involvement of all people with a health condition in all areas of life.[3][4]
Inclusion advocates argue that one of the key barriers to inclusion is ultimately the
Approaches
Inclusion is ultimately a multifaceted practice that involves a variety of approaches across cultures and settings. It is an approach that seeks to ensure that people of differing abilities visibly and palpably belong to, are engaged in, and are actively connected to the goals and objectives of the wider society.
Universal design is one of the key concepts in and approaches to disability inclusion. It involves designing buildings, products, or environments in a way that secures accessibility and usability to the greatest extent possible.[6]
Disability
Inclusion in the U.S.
In the United States, federal laws that pertain to individuals with disabilities aim to create an inclusive environment by promoting mainstreaming, nondiscrimination, reasonable accommodations, and universal design. There are three key federal laws that protect the rights of people with disabilities and attempt to ensure their inclusion in many aspects of society.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 protects individuals from discrimination based on disability. The nondiscrimination requirements of the law apply to employers and organizations that receive financial assistance from federal departments or agencies.[6] It created and extended civil rights to people with disabilities and allows for reasonable accommodations, such as special study areas and assistance as necessary for each student.[11]
While laws have been created to ensure physical access, such as mandatory wheelchair ramps, the disabled community still does not have a high rate of participation in cultural activities. Additionally, the attitudes and prejudices held by people without disabilities towards the disabled community remain a persistent issue.[13] To this end, when it comes to societal perceptions of individuals with disabilities, barriers to inclusion generally include other people's behaviors, misunderstandings, lack of awareness about disabilities, and even a lack of understanding about the functions performed by service animals. This is in addition to physical barriers already present, including transportation, level of lighting, or handicap accessible buildings and equipment.[14]
See also
- Augmentative and alternative communication
- Disability Flag
- Reasonable accommodation
- Social model of disability
- Universal design
References
- ^ CDC (2019-04-09). "Disability Inclusion | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "Disability Inclusion Overview". World Bank. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ CDC (2019-09-04). "Disability and Health Disability Barriers | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ISBN 978-1-137-47901-3, retrieved 2021-03-07
- PMID 17286706.
- ^ a b c "Disability and Health Inclusion Strategies |". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. 2020-09-15. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "Ronald L. Mace on NC State University, College of Design". projects.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "The Goals and Benefits of Universal Design". www.buffalo.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "Disability Mainstreaming Policy" (PDF). Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-12-22. Retrieved 2022-06-23.
- ^ "Definition of mainstreaming". Encarta. 2011-05-25. Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division document: A Guide to Disability Rights Laws. Information and Technical Assistance on the Americans with Disabilities Act. July 2009.
- ^ "2010 ADA regulations". www.ada.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
- S2CID 145124615.
- PMID 28869093.
Further reading
- Bollard, Martin, ed. (21 January 2009). Intellectual Disability and Social Inclusion A Critical Review. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 9780443104183. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
- "Inclusion and Communication Initiatives". Center on Disability and Inclusion. School of education. Syracuse University. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- The Palgrave Handbook of Paralympic Studies, 2018, Wikidata Q57614114
External links
- Disabled Peoples' International (global inclusion network)
- The Disabilities Network of New York City
- Alliance for Techno
- Causes for Change International
- Center for Disability Law and Policy
- Ragged Edge Online
- "The Social Movement Left Out" - Z Magazinearticle by Marta Russell
- Salva Vita Hungarian foundation working on inclusion of persons with mental disabilities, in Hungarian and English
- Hallatlan Foundation Hungarian foundation working on inclusion of persons with hearing disability and popularization of Hungarian sign language, in Hungarian and English
- Kids Together, Inc An unfunded volunteer non-profit promoting inclusion.
- Dreams for Kids
- Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access
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