Independence Day (Hawaii)
Hawaiian Independence Day | |
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Hawaiian Sovereignty Restoration Day |
Hawaiian Independence Day (Hawaiian: Lā Kūʻokoʻa) was a national holiday celebrated annually on November 28 to commemorate the signing of Anglo-Franco Proclamation of 1843, the official diplomatic recognition of the independence and sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom by Great Britain and France. It is still celebrated today by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.
Background
In 1839, Captain
While the diplomatic party was away, a British naval captain
On November 28, 1843, at the Court of London, the British and French governments formally recognized the independence of the Kingdom of Hawaii in the Anglo-Franco Proclamation, a joint declaration by France and Britain, signed by Lord Aberdeen and the Comte de Saint-Aulaire, representatives of Queen Victoria and King Louis-Philippe, respectively. The United States declined to join in the proclamation stating that in order for such a recognition to be binding, it would require a formal treaty ratified by the United States Senate.[8]
Historical observance
The anniversary of the Anglo-Franco Proclamation on November 28 was subsequently made a public holiday during the Hawaiian monarchy.
Modern-day observance
It is still celebrated today by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.[13] Attempts have been made to restore it as an official holiday in the state of Hawaii.[14]
See also
- Hawaiian Sovereignty Restoration Day
References
- ^ Kuykendall 1965, pp. 163–167.
- ^ a b Kuykendall 1965, pp. 187–207.
- ^ Thrum 1892, pp. 45–46.
- ^ a b Hoʻokahua Staff 2014.
- ^ Kuykendall 1965, pp. 208–230.
- ^ Thrum 1892, pp. 45–70.
- ^ Thrum 1929, pp. 101–106.
- ^ Kuykendall 1965, pp. 202–207.
- ^ Thrum 1898, p. 69.
- ^ Severson, Horikawa & Saville 2002, p. 47.
- ^ Schmitt 1995, pp. 141–146.
- ^ Thrum 1909, p. 115.
- ^ Pang 2006.
- ^ Lauer 2015.
Bibliography
- Hoʻokahua Staff (November 2014). "Mission Accomplished: International Recognition of Hawaiʻi Achieved in 1843". Kaleinamanu Hawaiian Cultural Center, Kamehameha Schools. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
- OCLC 47008868.
- Lauer, Nancy Cook (October 8, 2015). "County Council recognizes Hawaiian Independence Day". Hawaii Tribune-Herald. Hilo. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
- Pang, Gordon Y. K. (November 26, 2006). "Group honors Independence Day". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu: Black Press. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
- Schmitt, Robert C. (1995). "Holidays in Hawaiʻi". Hawaiian Journal of History. 29. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 141–146. hdl:10524/338.
- Severson, Don R.; Horikawa, Michael D.; Saville, Jennifer (2002). Finding Paradise: Island Art in Private Collections. Honolulu: Honolulu Academy of Arts; University of Hawaiʻi Press. OCLC 123158782.
- Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1892). "History of the Provisional Cession of the Hawaiian Islands and Their Restoration". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 45–70. hdl:10524/663.
- Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1898). "The Days We Celebrate ; Holidays and Their Observance". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1898. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 62–69. hdl:10524/23170.
- Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1909). Hawaiian Holidays. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 110–116.
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ignored (help) - Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1929). "Holiday Observances In Monarchial Days". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1930. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 101–106. hdl:10524/32427.