Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions
FDR's son Elliott Roosevelt (1947) | |
Merged into | Progressive Citizens of America |
---|---|
Formation | June 1945 |
Dissolved | December 1946 |
Purpose | Create third American political party |
Headquarters | New York City |
Membership | 100,000 |
Chair | Jo Davidson |
Executive Chair | Harold Ickes |
Leonard Bernstein, Eddie Cantor, Duke Ellington, John Hersey, Gene Kelly, Thomas Mann, Linus Pauling, Eleanor Roosevelt, Frank Sinatra |
The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions (ICCASP) (1945–1946) was an American association that lobbied unofficially for
Organization
January 1946 national group:
- Chair: Jo Davidson[5]
- Treasurer: Fredric March[5]
- Members of the national board of directors: Olivia de Havilland, William Rose Benét, Van Wyck Brooks, Louis Calhern, Marc Connelly, John Cromwell, Morris Llewellyn Cooke, Norman Corwin, Bartley Crum, Dr. Moses Diamond, Donald du Shank, Albert Einstein, Florence Eldridge, Rudolph Ganz, Moss Hart, Lillian Hellman, Howard Koch, John Howard Lawson, Archibald MacLeish, John T. McManus, William Morris, Alonzo F. Myers, John P. Peters, Paul Robeson, Harlow Shapley, Herman Shumlin, Carl Van Doren[6]
Other sources:
- National:
- Executive chair: Harold Ickes[7]
- Chair: Jo Davidson[7]
- Board members: Frank Sinatra,[8] Thomas Mann, Duke Ellington, Eleanor Roosevelt;[1] Leonard Bernstein, Eddie Cantor, John Hersey, Gene Kelly, Linus Pauling[7]
- Chapters:
- New York: Hannah Dorner (executive director), Edward Condon[9]
- Hollywood: Linus Pauling (vice president)[1]
- New York:
Members
- National: Harlow Shapley
- New York: Hannah Dorner
- Hollywood: Humphrey Bogart,[2] Charlie Chaplin,[1] Rita Hayworth,[2] Charles Laughton,[1] Irving Pichel, Linus Pauling,[1] Ronald Reagan,[1] Orson Welles[2]
- Others "associated": James Cagney, Aaron Copland, Oscar Hammerstein, Walter Huston, Canada Lee, Edward G. Robinson[5]
History
The ICCASP started in 1944, as an "Independent Voters Committee of the Arts and Sciences for
After FDR's successful fourth election as US President in November 1944, the group formalized itself with professional staff.[10]
The ICCASP formed in 1945 shortly after the end of World War II. From the start, the group found itself at odds with the
In late 1945, the ICCASP's Hollywood chapter ("HICCASP") published a scathing critique of
On January 21, 1946, the group met to discuss academic freedom, during which Pauling said, "There is, of course, always a threat to academic freedom – as there is to the other aspects of the freedom and rights of the individual, in the continued attacks which are made on this freedom, these rights, by the selfish, the overly ambitious, the misguided, the unscrupulous, who seek to oppress the great body of mankind in order that they themselves may profit – and we must always be on the alert against this threat, and must fight it with vigor when it becomes dangerous."[2]
Also in January 1946, ICCASP's Theatre Division, headed by actor
In February 1946, Desi Arnaz appeared in a show sponsored by the ICCASP, "a group the FBI said was a communist front."[17]
In September 1946, ICCASP joined the CIO-PAC, the National Citizens PAC (NCPAC), the NAACP, the Railroad Brothers, the National Farmers Union, and the Southern Conference for Human Welfare for a Chicago Conference of Progressives.[7] The Union for Democratic Action did not participate because of perceived Communist infiltration.[5]
On September 24, 1946, the ICCASP issued a joint declaration with CIO-PAC that opposed the
On November 14, 1946, scientist Harlow Shapley appeared under subpoena by the
On December 26, 1946, ICCASP and the National Citizens PAC merged to form the
Legacy
From its start, the ICCASP found itself overlapping in mission with the Artists League of America (ALA), successor of the American Artists' Congress (ACA).[5]
In 1947, the ICCASP came under attack by the
In 1948, the ICCASP and National Citizens PAC merged and supported former US Vice President
On August 2, 1948, Louis F. Budenz testified before the Senate subcommittee of the Committee of Expenditures in the Executive Department:
The Independent [Citizens] Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions was worked out originally in my office in the Daily Worker, of which Lionel Berman, of the cultural section organizer of the party, was a member, and he was entrusted not only by that meeting but by the political committee, as the result of these discussions with the task of forming the Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions.[28]
HUAC published details from Budenz's testimony regarding the "National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions," which (according to HUAC) was a "descendant" of ICCASP.[29]
In the 1950s, many former ICCASP members found themselves hounded for communist subversive activities during
Works
- The Independent (CPUSA), bimonthly, ICCASP New York
- ICCASP news letter (June 1946)[30]
- Don't You Believe It, HICCASP (1946)[31]
- Report From Washington, monthly, IAACP New York (1949)[32][33][34]
See also
- Atomic Energy Act of 1946
- Progressive Citizens of America
- National Council of Arts, Sciences and Professions
- Henry A. Wallace
- Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
- English-language press of the Communist Party USA
- List of organizations described as Communist fronts by the United States federal government
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Hager, Tom (29 November 2007), ICCASP, Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement, 2009, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^
Diggines, John P. (2007). Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History. W. W. Norton. pp. 100–4 (Reagan, HICCASP). ISBN 9780393060225. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ Knutson, Lawrence L. (13 November 1985). "Reagan, Communism Met in Hollywood". Associated Press. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i
Hemingway, Andrew (2002). Artists on the left: American artists and the Communist movement, 1926-1956. Yale University Press. pp. 195 (origins), 197 (history). ISBN 978-0-300-09220-2. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, New York City April 1946, 6 June 2013, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ a b c d e f
ISBN 9780252020308. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ Frank Sinatra, Columbia University - Louis Proyect, 6 June 2013, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ "Edward U. Condon Papers". American Philosophical Society. 1998. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
- ^ The ICCASP in 1946, New York City April 1946, 6 June 2013, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ "Part VI: The Manhattan District in Peacetime: The May–Johnson Bill", Atomic Archive, 1998, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ Atomic Energy Commission, Atomic Heritage Foundation, 18 November 2016, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ Roy Glauber & Priscilla McMillan on Oppenheimer - Atomic Energy Commission, Voices of the Manhattan Project, 6 June 2013, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions (HICCASP) pamphlet, Introducing ... Representative John Elliot Rankin, June 1945. Adrian Scott Papers, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming-Laramie. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
- ^ There is an error in the archiving of this document. At its end, it speculates a publishing date of June 1945, but there are several later dates mentioned, the latest being October 17, 1945.
- ^ The ICCASP in 1946, New York City April 1946, 6 June 2013, retrieved 19 October 2019
- ^ "The ICCASP in 1946". Washington Post. 7 December 1989. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ Mitgang, Herbert (October 5, 1987). "Policing America's Writers". The New Yorker.
- ^ Meroney, John (7 September 2006). "Olivia de Havilland Recalls Her Role -- in the Cold War". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ "How Olivia de Havilland Bucked Dalton Trumbo And Helped Save Hollywood From Itself". Daily Beast. 8 July 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ a b Leab, Daniel et al., ed. The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Thematic Encyclopedia ABC-CLIO LLC., 2010, p. 12.
- ^ Hamilton, Thomas J. (8 October 1946). "Ickes Challenges Liberals on Atom". New York Times. p. 3. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
- New York Times. October 21, 1972. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
- ISBN 9780080070988. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
- ^ "National Affairs: Merger". TIME. 6 January 1947. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ "Guide to the C.B. Baldwin Papers". University of Iowa. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- .
- ^ Supreme Court of the State of New York: Appellate Division–First Department. State of New York. 1956. p. 538. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities. US GPO. 1949. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ Independent Citizens Committee for the Arts, Sciences and Professions newsletter, ca. June 1946. UMassAmherst. June 1946. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ Don't You Believe It. Los Angeles Emergency Committee to Aid the Strikes. 1946. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ Fifth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee On Un-American Activities, California Legislature, 1949, pp. 545-546.
- ^ Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, first session, on H. R. 1884 and H. R. 2122, bills. US GPO. 1947. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications (And Appendixes). US GPO. 1 December 1961. pp. 183–205. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
External links
- Digital Commonwealth: ICCASP membership card for W.E.B. Du Bois
- Tamiment Library - Labor Archives Printed Ephemera Collection on Organizations PE.036
- Einstein Archives Online - he Arts, Sciences and Professions Council requests the pleasure of your company at a Dinner
- ICCASP membership card of W.E.B. DuBois
- HICCASP "Statement of the Federation of Atomic Scientists" 1945
- HICCASP invitation for Linus Pauling speech (21 January 1946)
- ICCASP dinner for UN anniversary – Lana Turner with Trygve Lie (25 April 1946)
- ICCASP newsletter, ca. June 1946
- HICCASP - CBS radio transcript dated 3 June 1946
- TIME magazine cover: "Sculptor Jo Davidson, Amateur Politician (9 September 1946)
- University of Wisconsin Digital Collections: Hollywood Democratic Committee Records, 1942-1950