Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party

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Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party
Független Kisgazda, Földmunkás és Polgári Párt
National affiliationOur Homeland Movement–FKgP–MIÉP
Colours  Green
SloganIsten, Haza, Család
God, Homeland, Family
Website
www.fkgp.hu
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The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt), known mostly by its acronym FKgP or its shortened form Independent Smallholders' Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazdapárt), is a political party in Budapest, Hungary.

During its existence, the party participated in the establishment of Hungarian democracy after World War II and the Third Republic. After the change of regime, it participated in the government for two terms (1990–1994 and 1998–2002). Since the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party has not won any seats in the parliament.

Index mentioned the FKgP among the fake parties, as it received fewer votes than it collected recommendations.[7] Liquidation proceedings were initiated against the party in 2021.[8]

History

Founded on 12 October 1930 after splitting from the

left wing.[9]

The original party won a majority in the first elections after the

Social Democrats and National Peasants, opposed to the majority Smallholders on every issue with the intent of creating deadlock and facilitating the latter's breakup.[11] Their first demand was the expulsion of twenty "reactionaries" from the Smallholder-led coalition. These people went on to form the Hungarian Freedom Party
, the most vocal opposition force over the next year.

From December 1946, the Communists exaggerated a minor intrigue involving several anti-Communist politicians to accuse vast swaths of the Smallholders' Party of complicity in a reactionary plot. The Communist political police (

ÁVO) began to arrest hundreds of Smallholders' Party members, ultimately depriving that party of its elected majority in Parliament.[11] Acting in tandem with this, Soviet troops kidnapped the party's General Secretary Béla Kovács
on 25 February 1947 and deported him to the USSR, where he would be imprisoned for over eight years. When Prime Minister Nagy travelled abroad in May, the Communists seized the opportunity to remove him from office. They accused him of conspiracy in the alleged plot and threatened to harm his son if he did not resign. Nagy, unwilling to risk his own life or that of his family, ratified his resignation on 2 June 1947.

The Smallholders' Party was effectively finished as a political force, and its leaders were now co-opted as

fellow travellers. Its member Lajos Dinnyés became the new Prime Minister, but the Communists effectively controlled his government. Politicians expelled from the Smallholders after the Communist intrigues formed new parties, primarily the Democratic People's Party, Hungarian Independence Party and Independent Hungarian Democratic Party. New elections in August
massively reduced the Smallholders' Party's share of votes and seats in Parliament, but this was mostly in favor of the parties which had succeeded from them. Combined, the FKGP and its offshoots had roughly the same number of votes the party had won in the 1945 election.

Despite this, the rump party's fellow-travelling leaders formed a coalition with the Communists, who now had increased representation. Most of the remaining non-collaborationist Smallholders were forced out of the party and into exile over the next two years. President Tildy, now politically isolated, was forced to resign in July 1948. Another Smallholder, the openly pro-Communist István Dobi, became premier in December 1948, and pushed out the remaining elements of the party who were not willing to stop their obstruction. In 1949, the party was absorbed into a People's Independent Front, led by the communist Hungarian Working People's Party. The latter prevailed in elections held that year, marking the onset of Hungarian People's Republic. The Smallholders party was dissolved later in 1949, and Dobi and several other left-wing Smallholders joined the Communist Party.[citation needed]

During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 the Smallholders' Party was revived under the leadership of Zoltan Tildy and Béla Kovács, who had returned from Soviet exile earlier that year. Both of them joined the democratic coalition government of Imre Nagy on 27 October 1956 which was brought to power in the Revolution, as the first non-Communists in the government since 1948. However, the party was unable to function after the Soviet invasion which crushed the Revolution.

After the

end of Communism in Hungary, the Smallholders' Party was revived again and took part in the center-right governments of József Antall, Péter Boross, and Viktor Orbán. In the 2002 Hungarian parliamentary election
it lost all its seats in Parliament, and has not regained a seat since.

In early 2019, Our Homeland Movement (Mi Hazánk Mozgalom) made an alliance with the far-right Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) and FKgP.[12]

On August 3, 2021, Kuruc.info published an article in which they revealed that the national court initiated liquidation proceedings against the party for its massive debts. The article also revealed that all the remaining members of the party would run in 2022 elections on the list of Our Homeland Movement.[13]

Party leaders

Image Name Entered office Left office Image Name Entered office Left office
1 Bálint Szijj 1930 1931 10 Tivadar Pártay 1988 1989
2 Gaszton Gaál 1931 1932 11 Vince Vörös 1989 1990
3 Tibor Eckhardt 1932 1940 12 Ferenc József Nagy 1990 1991
4 Zoltán Tildy 1940 1944 13 József Torgyán 1991 2002
5 István Balogh 1944 1945 14 Miklós Réti 2002 2005
6 Zoltán Tildy 1945 1946 15 Péter Hegedűs 2005 2017
7 Ferenc Nagy 1946 1947 16 Károly Balogh 2017 2018
8 István Dobi 1947 1949 17 Roland Hajdara 2018 2020
9 Béla Kovács 1956 1956 18 Károly Balogh 2020 2021

Election results

National Assembly

Election Votes Seats Rank Government Leader
# % ±pp # +/−
1931 173,477 11.48% –
10 / 245
 4th in opposition Gaszton Gaál
1935 387,351 19.62% Increase 8.14
22 / 245
 Increase 12 2nd in opposition Tibor Eckhardt
1939 569,054 14,56% Decrease 5.06
14 / 260
 Decrease 8 3rd in opposition Tibor Eckhardt
1944 n/a n/a n/a
124 / 498
 Increase 110 3rd FKGP–
MSZDP–NPP–PDP
 n/a
1945 2,697,262 57.03% Increase42.47
245 / 409
 Increase 121 1st FKGP–
MSZDP–NPP
 Zoltán Tildy
1947 766,000 15.34% Decrease41.69
68 / 411
 Decrease 177 2nd
MSZDP–NPP
(until 1948) 		Lajos Dinnyés
MDP–FKGP–NPP
(from 1948)
19491 5,478,515 97.1% Increase81.76
62 / 402
 Decrease 6 1st MFN (MDP–FKGP–NPP) Mátyás Rákosi
1990 576,256 11.74% –
44 / 386
 3rd
KDNP
(until 1992) 		Vince Vörös
in opposition
1994 476,416 8.82% Decrease2.92
26 / 386
 Decrease 18 4th in opposition József Torgyán
1998 617,740 13.78% Increase4.96
48 / 386
 Increase 22 3rd Fidesz–FKGP–MDF József Torgyán
2002 42,338 0.75% Decrease13.03
0 / 386
 Decrease 48 6th extra-parliamentary Miklós Réti
2006 838 0.02% Decrease0.73
0 / 386
 Steady 0 16th extra-parliamentary Péter Hegedűs
2010 381 0.01% Decrease0.01
0 / 386
 Steady 0 19th extra-parliamentary Péter Hegedűs
2014 7,426 0.16% Increase0.15
0 / 199
 Steady 0 16th extra-parliamentary Péter Hegedűs
2018 1,580 0.03% Decrease0.13
0 / 199
 Steady 0 39th extra-parliamentary Károly Balogh

1FKGP was a member of the Communist-led Hungarian Independence People's Front (MFN). Hungary became a one-party state after the 1949 election.

References

  1. ^ ATV. "Visszatért a Független Kisgazdapárt".
  2. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2002). "Hungary". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 February 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  3. ^
    ISBN 9783866497214
    .
  4. ^ Hungary 1944–1953: Glossary. The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution.
  5. ISBN 9783828867710
    .
  6. ^ Part 1: An Attempt at a New, Democratic Start, 1944–1946 The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution.
  7. ^ Nikita, G. Szabó Dániel, Hava (2014-04-07). "Saját magukat leplezték le a kamupártok". index.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2025-01-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Kuruc.info - Megszűnt a MIÉP, felszámolási eljárásban az FKGP - vezetőik a Mi Hazánk jelöltjei lettek". Kuruc.info hírportál (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2025-01-24.
  9. ^ [<http://www.rev.hu/history_of_45/szerviz/kislex/kislexis_uk.htm#ISP Hungary, 1944-1953:Glossary]
  10. ^ Laar, M. (2009). "The Power of Freedom. Central and Eastern Europe after 1945." Centre for European Studies, p. 38. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2012-04-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ a b Part 2: Communist take-over, 1946-1949 The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution.
  12. ^ "A Független Kisgazdapárt is csatlakozna a MIÉP és a Mi Hazánk Mozgalom együttműködéséhez". 20 February 2019.
  13. ^ "Kuruc.info - Megszűnt a MIÉP, felszámolási eljárásban az FKGP - vezetőik a Mi Hazánk jelöltjei lettek". Kuruc.info hírportál (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2021-08-23.
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