Independence

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(Redirected from
Independent nation
)
Not to be confused with Interdependence.
For other uses, see Independence (disambiguation).

The Thirteen British Colonies on the east coast of North America issued a Declaration of Independence in 1776
Chile, one of several Spanish territories in South America, issued a Declaration of independence in 1818
Prince Pedro surrounded by a crowd in São Paulo after breaking the news of Brazil's independence on 7 September 1822.
parliament 6 December 1917[1] which became the Independence Day of Finland
.

Independence is a condition of a

self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism
; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.

Definition of independence

Whether the attainment of independence is different from

China (1911) and Russia (1917) respectively. Causes for a country or province wishing to seek independence are many, but most can be summed up as a feeling of inequality compared to the dominant power. The means can extend from intended peaceful demonstrations as in the case of India (1947), to a violent war as in the case of Algeria (1962). In some cases, a country may also have declared independence, but may only be partially recognized by other countries; such as Kosovo (2008), whose independence Serbia, from which Kosovo has seceded, has not formally recognized.[3][4][5]

Distinction between independence and autonomy

Main article: Autonomy

Autonomy refers to a kind of independence which has been granted by an overseeing authority that itself still retains ultimate authority over that territory (see Devolution). A protectorate
refers to an autonomous region that depends upon a larger government for its protection as an autonomous region.

Right to independence

Main articles: Secession § Right to secession, Sovereign state, and Decolonization

During the 20th century wave of decolonization colonies gained rights to independence through documents such as the 1960 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, but this right remained mostly applicable only to unfree territorial entities, such as colonies.[6] How much these rights apply to all people has been a crucial point of discussion. The rights to nationality and self-determination allow clarification. The right of self-determination allows self-governance, as for example in the case of indigenous peoples, but is not a right of secession, except in extreme cases of oppression as a remedy from the oppression.[7] Therefore, the right to secession is generally determined by the legislation of sovereign states and independence by the capacity to be a state.

Declarations of independence

photograph of crowd during pro-independence demonstration
Public proclamation of the Estonian Declaration of Independence in Pärnu, Estonia on 23 February 1918
Ismail Qemali at the first anniversary of the Assembly of Vlorë which proclaimed the independence of Albania (28 November 1912)

Sometimes, a state wishing to achieve independence from a dominating power will issue a

independence Day
.

Historical overview

Historically, there have been four major periods of declaring independence:

Continents

Continent No. Most Recent Country to Gain Independence
  Africa
 54  South Sudan (2011)
  Americas
 35  Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983)[a]
  Asia
 44  East Timor (2002)
  Europe
 50[b]  Montenegro (2006)
  Oceania
 14  Palau (1994)[c]
  Antarctica
 N/A de facto condominium international

See also

Notes

  1. ^
    Independence from the United Kingdom.
  2. ^ a b
    Part of Transcaucasian Region, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Physiographically, Armenia falls entirely in Western Asia, while Georgia and Azerbaijan are mostly in Asia with small portions north of the Caucasus Mountains divide in Europe.
  3. ^
    An independent state in free association with the United States.

References

Wikiquote has quotations related to Independence.
  1. ISBN 0-8093-9112-0
    .
  2. ISBN 0-674-94585-9
    .
  3. ^ "Kosovo MPs proclaim independence". BBC News. February 17, 2008.
  4. ^ "The world's newest state". The Economist. February 21, 2008.
  5. ^ "International recognitions of the Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  6. ^ "Legal Aspects of Self-Determination". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Self-Determination. February 11, 1918. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  7. S2CID 232264306
    .
  8. ^ David Armitage, The Declaration of Independence in World Context, Organization of American Historians, Magazine of History, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pp. 61–66 (2004)

Further reading

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