Hinduism in India
Rajasthan 71,500,000 | | |
West Bengal | 70,500,000 | |
---|---|---|
Tamil Nadu | 68,000,000 | |
Scriptures | ||
Vedas, Puranas, Upanishads, Mahabharata (incl. Bhagavad Gita), Ramayana, and others | ||
Languages | ||
Sanskrit (sacred) Indian languages (according to the region) |
Hinduism is the largest
History of Hinduism
India saw the rule of both Hindu and Muslim rulers from c. 1200 CE to 1750 CE.
Partition of India
The 1947 Partition of India gave rise to bloody rioting and indiscriminate inter-communal killing of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs across the Indian subcontinent, specially in Punjab region. An estimated 7.3 million Hindus and Sikhs moved to India and 7.2 million Muslims moved to Pakistan permanently, leading to demographic change of both the nations to a certain extent. As a result of this, India's Hindu population have increased exponentially from 74.8% in 1941 to 84.1% in 1951 Census respectively.[14][15]
"I find no parallel in history for a body of converts and their descendants claiming to be a nation apart from the parent stock."
— Mahatma Gandhi, opposing the division of India on the basis of religion in 1944.[16]
Hindu population decline in South Asian continent
Hinduism dropped from 72% in British Raj of 1891[17] to 69% in 1921.[18] In 1941 British census, Hindus comprised 69.5% of Undivided India.[19] It further declined to just 66% in Undivided India since Muslims would make up 32% of Undivided India's population in 2024, if not patritioned respectively.[20]
Demographics
The Hindu population has increased more than three times from 303,675,084 in 1951 to 966,257,353 in 2011, but the Hindu percentage share of total population has declined from 84.1% in 1951 to 79.8% in 2011.[21][22] When India achieved independence in 1947, Hindus formed roughly 85% of the total population and pre-Partition British India had about 73% of Hindus.[23]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1951 | 303,675,084 | — |
1961 | 366,541,417 | +20.7% |
1971 | 453,492,481 | +23.7% |
1981 | 562,379,847 | +24.0% |
1991 | 690,091,965 | +22.7% |
2001 | 827,722,142 | +19.9% |
2011 | 966,257,353 | +16.7% |
Source: census of India |
Projections
According to a report by the
Total Fertility Rate
The latest round of the
Emigration
A report published in a major Pakistani newspaper indicates that over 5,000
Hindu population by States and Territories
Region | Hindus | Total | % Hindus |
---|---|---|---|
India | 966,257,353 | 1,210,854,977 | 79.80% |
Himachal Pradesh | 6,532,765 | 6,864,602 | 95.17% |
Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 322,857 | 343,709 | 93.93% |
Odisha
|
39,300,341 | 41,974,218 | 93.63% |
Chhattisgarh | 23,819,789 | 25,545,198 | 93.25% |
Madhya Pradesh | 66,007,121 | 72,626,809 | 90.89% |
Daman and Diu | 220,150 | 243,247 | 90.50% |
Gujarat
|
53,533,988 | 60,439,692 | 88.57% |
Rajasthan
|
60,657,103 | 68,548,437 | 88.49% |
Andhra Pradesh
|
74,824,149 | 84,580,777 | 90.89% |
Tamil Nadu | 63,188,168 | 72,147,030 | 87.58% |
Haryana | 22,171,128 | 25,351,462 | 87.46% |
Puducherry | 1,089,409 | 1,247,953 | 87.30% |
Karnataka | 51,317,472 | 61,095,297 | 84.00% |
Tripura | 3,063,903 | 3,673,917 | 83.40% |
Uttarakhand | 8,368,636 | 10,086,292 | 82.97% |
Bihar | 86,078,686 | 104,099,452 | 82.69% |
Delhi | 13,712,100 | 16,787,941 | 81.68% |
Chandigarh | 852,574 | 1,055,450 | 80.78% |
Maharashtra | 89,703,056 | 112,374,333 | 79.83% |
Uttar Pradesh | 159,312,654 | 199,812,341 | 79.73% |
West Bengal | 64,385,546 | 91,276,115 | 70.54% |
Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 264,296 | 380,581 | 69.45% |
Jharkhand | 22,376,051 | 32,988,134 | 67.83% |
Goa | 963,877 | 1,458,545 | 66.08% |
Assam | 19,180,759 | 31,205,576 | 61.47% |
Sikkim | 352,662 | 610,577 | 57.76% |
Kerala | 18,282,492 | 33,406,061 | 54.73% |
Manipur | 1,181,876 | 2,855,794 | 41.39% |
Punjab | 10,678,138 | 27,743,338 | 38.49% |
Arunachal Pradesh | 401,876 | 1,383,727 | 29.04% |
Jammu and Kashmir | 3,566,674 | 12,541,302 | 28.44% |
Meghalaya | 342,078 | 2,966,889 | 11.53% |
Nagaland | 173,054 | 1,978,502 | 8.75% |
Lakshadweep | 1,788 | 64,473 | 2.77% |
Mizoram | 30,136 | 1,097,206 | 2.75% |
Law and politics
Demand for Hindu state
Although the Constitution of India has declared the nation as a secular state with no state religion, it has been argued several times that the Indian state privileges Hinduism as state sponsored religion constitutionally, legislatively and culturally.[28][29]
The original copy of the Indian constitution has an illustration of
Article 343 (1) of the Indian Constitution also states that, "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script".[31]
Also, Article 48 of Indian constitution prohibits the
Most Right Wing Hindu organisations like
Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019
The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 is a law passed in India in December 2019. Under the Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024, it provides a fast-track to Indian citizenship for undocumented immigrants from neighbouring countries, namely Hindus and five other specific communities: Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Parsis, and Jains, who arrived in India before December 31, 2014. The law has reduced the residency requirement for undocumented immigrants from select religious minorities, including Hindus, from 11 years to 5 years for acquiring Indian citizenship through naturalization. This provision aims to expedite the citizenship process for these specific persecuted minority groups of neighbouring nations of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.[40]
See also
References
- ^ "Can Hindutva be dismantled?". The Statesman. May 2022.
- ^ "The Major Religions In India". WorldAtlas. 20 September 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Indian Culture – Religion". Cultural Atlas. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "India's religions by numbers". The Hindu. 26 August 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2021 – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ "Hindus". 18 December 2012.
- ^ "By 2050, India to have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ "Major Branches of Religions". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 1999. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ISBN 9780862323493.
- ISBN 9780852297605.
- ^ "India", Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press.
- ISBN 9781611640472. Archivedfrom the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ISBN 9780824812874. Archivedfrom the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ^ Ganesha on the Dashboard Archived 15 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine p. 176, V. Raghunathan, M. A. Eswaran, Penguin
- ISBN 978-9400953093. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-521-85661-4. Archivedfrom the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ISBN 978-81-223-1109-9. Archivedfrom the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- JSTOR saoa.crl.25352825.
- ^ "Daily Consular and Trade Reports". Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Manufactures. 1924.
- ^ Ispahani, Farahnaz (30 January 2020). "Modi critics decry India mistreating minorities but mustn't whitewash Pakistan's Islamisation". ThePrint.
- ^ Service, Statesman News (9 September 2019). "Partition & Hindus". The Statesman.
- ^ "Key findings about the religious composition of India".
- ^ "Census: Hindu share dips below 80%, Muslim share grows but slower". 24 January 2015.
- ^ "Census: Hindu share dips below 80%, Muslim share grows but slower". 24 January 2015.
- ^ https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/by-2050-hindus-share-of-india-s-population-to-fall-by-2-8-percent-study-115040300567_1.html
- ^ "Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update". Ideas For India. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ Haider, Irfan (13 May 2014). "5,000 Hindus migrating to India every year, NA told". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/10113/%E2%80%98no-hindus-will-be-left-after-30-years%E2%80%99
- ^ "Why India is Not a Secular State". 3 February 2022.
- ^ "Is there a Hindu bias in India's secular Constitution? A 2005 academic paper suggests as much". 2 February 2020.
- ^ "Why painting of Ram in India's Constitution matters". 26 January 2021.
- ^ "Article 343(1) in the Constitution of India 1949".
- ^ "Cow protection was a sensitive subject in India even when the Constitution was being framed". 7 July 2021.
- ^ "Article 48 in the Constitution of India 1949".
- ^ "Declare India a 'Hindu Rashtra': Hindu convention resolution". Hindustan Times. 17 June 2017. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ "'Hindu Rashtra' draft proposes Varanasi as capital instead of Delhi". 13 August 2022.
- ^ "India to become Hindu Rashtra by 2025, hints organiser of All India Hindu conference". 12 June 2022.
- ^ "Plea in SC seeks to remove words 'socialist', 'secular' from Constitution's preamble". Firstpost. 29 July 2020. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2021.
- ^ "Does India belong to only Hindus? Nearly 75% of Hindus say 'No', finds CSDS survey". 14 June 2019.
- ^ "Key findings about religion in India".
- ^ https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/citizenship-amendment-rules-2024-rules-explained-what-you-need-to-know-124031200146_1.html
External links
- "Hinduism – Origins, Facts & Beliefs". History topics. 14 August 2023.
- "History of Hinduism in India". Khan Academy.
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