Indians in the New York City metropolitan area

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Indians in the New York City metropolitan region
New York City Metropolitan Area, with the largest metropolitan Indian population outside Asia, as large-scale immigration from India continues into New York City.[2][3][4][5]
Part of a series on
Race and ethnicity in New York City
Ethnicities
Neighborhoods

Indians in the New York City metropolitan area constitute one of the largest and fastest-growing ethnicities in the

Chinese in the New York City metropolitan area in 2017.[7]

The U.S. state of

individuals of Indian origin
.

History

East 64th Street, in the Upper East Side Historic District of Manhattan

An Asian Indian presence in the New York area dates back to the 19th century, with Swami Vivekananda establishing the first Hindu institution in New York City in 1894 after the 1893 Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago[8][9][10][11] and Bengali Muslim peddlers passing through immigration facilities in New York to head to Jersey Shore beach towns such as Asbury Park, Atlantic Park and Long Beach. These peddlers sold “Oriental” items like silks, small trinkets and other curios to tourists. Though most of these peddlers were transient seasonal workers at resorts, a small number of men stayed in New Jersey year-round to renew stocks of goods and shepherd younger traders from India to the US.[12] Bengali and other South Asian Muslims would also settle in New York City and marry into African American and Puerto Rican communities that they lived close to,[13] initially living in the Lower East Side but moving uptown into Harlem, opening some of the first Indian restaurants in New York.[14] After India become independent and partitioned, many of these men formed the Pakistan League of America in 1947.

The first Indian to become a

affluent suburban environs, consisting largely of professionals, including physicians, engineers, financiers, scientists, entrepreneurs, and lawyers, as well as businesspeople,[18] though there was also small population concentrated along 116th Street and Broadway in Manhattan that was poorer. By 1974, there was a notable Indian population in the greater New York area, with particular concentrations in Hoboken, New Jersey and Flushing, Queens, though neither was strongly identified as a Little India at this point and there was already a push to move out to the suburbs, especially to Nassau County on Long Island.[20] with houses of worship for Indian religions starting to be built around the larger Indian suburban communities throughout the 1980s and 1990s.[21]

During 1960s and 1970s, Indians also set up several cultural and religious institutions based in New York City, though they drew people from the entire metropolitan area. The 1970s would also see the construction of the first houses of worship for Indian religions in New York City, such as the Hindu Temple Society of North America in Flushing and the Sikh Cultural Society building a gurdwara at a former Baptist church in Richmond Hill. Other religious groups reappropriated other spaces in the city, such as Keralite Christians hosting Malayalam services in a Bronx church and Jains renting Manhattan office space. Indian would also form several associations based around linguistics groups. Indians in the New York-New Jersey area also started to create mass media organizations in the 1970s, including newspapers such as India Abroad, the first television show targeted towards Indian Americans, and by 1975, 13 half-hour radio shows for New York Indians.[22] Movie theaters in Manhattan and Queens showing Indian movies also started to open.

A small Little India did already exist in Manhattan on

between 27th and 30th streets around the former Little Armenia spice shop of Kalustyan's, which had become popular among Indian and other South Asian immigrants in the 1960s[23] and had become notable enough to be featured in the New York Daily News as a prime spot for Indian food and groceries by 1976.[24]
However, by the 1980s, the Lexington Avenue Little India was eroding due to increased competition from other Indian districts in Queens which were closer to where the Indian population lived.

The most famous enclave in the New York City area – Jackson Heights – emerged during the 1970s, with electronics store Sam and Raj, being opened by merchants Subhash Kapadia and Nitin Vora in 1976 and then being quickly followed by a number of Indian stores opening on 74th Street. Though many Indians actually lived in the adjacent, cheaper neighborhood of Elmhurst,[25] Jackson Heights quickly became popular among the regional Indian and South Asian community due to its location near a major subway transfer station and the overall large Indian population in Queens. By 1990, there were already 74 Indian businesses in Jackson Heights and businessowners had formed the Jackson Heights Merchants Association in response to conflict between Indian immigrants and white residents over perceived quality-of-life issues.[26]

Other neighborhoods in Queens also became notable South Asian enclaves during the 1980s and 1990s.

Malayalees would also pop up in eastern Queens neighborhoods near the Nassau County border.[26]

Starting in the 1990s, following the path of past generations of New Yorkers, many Indian immigrants starting moving eastward from Queens to more suburban areas of Long Island in the 1990s, including Nassau County towns such as Hicksville, Elmont, East Meadow, and North New Hyde Park seeking bigger homes, better schools, and more space. During the 1990s, Indians were the fastest growing ethnic group on Long Island.[27] This coincided with a change in the businesses and clientele in the older enclaves like Jackson Heights, with establishments being targeted more towards working-class immigrants than the English-speaking professionals who were the main shoppers in Queens, as seen by more signage in Jackson Heights being in vernacular languages.[26] Hicksville would become the center of the Indian community on Long Island, with Indian stores concentrating on South Broadway around Route 103 by the 2000s.[28]

Indians also sprawled further into New Jersey, with growing concentrations of Indians in areas such as

Oak Tree Road in Edison, New Jersey, and Newark Avenue in the Journal Square neighborhood in Jersey City become primarily Indian, compared to the 1970s and 1980s, where there was a more of a mixture of businesses.[29] By 1994, there were already over 100 Indian businesses on Oak Tree Road.[30]

As more Indians started to move into the New Jersey enclaves and they grew increasingly more affluent, tensions started to increase between them and prior residents. In the late 1980s, a hate group called the Dotbusters – named after the bindi that many Hindu women wear – beat up several Indians in Jersey City, including killing a Parsi man, Narvoze Mody.[31] That same month, a letter threatening to attack Indians in the city was also published in its main newspaper, The Jersey Journal, and there were several racist messages written on the stores and homes of Indian immigrants. Community leaders accused Jersey City’s government of responding slowly to the attacks and at one point invited the Guardian Angels to patrol the city’s streets. Following a series of protests and increased attention from the city government, racist attacks started to decrease by the end of the decade.[32]

However, the increased racism was a reason for some Indians to move southwards to Edison and Middlesex County,[33] though they also faced some resistance there as they started to set up businesses in Edison, with stores on Oak Tree Road being vandalized and proprietors saying that city government did not take them seriously.[29] Indians in Edison and Iselin would also get into other conflicts with the city governments, with the Indian Business Association of the area protesting high amounts of traffic tickets and curfews on its Navratri celebration.[34]

JFK International Airport on his first State visit
to the U.S., which also entailed a trip to Washington, D.C.

Demographics

Combined Statistical Area

The

JFK International Airport
to Mumbai in December 2019.

The Indian American population in the New York City metropolitan region was second in its population as an

Chinese New Yorkers as of 2017.[6][7] However, while the presence and growth of the Chinese population is focused on New York City and Long Island in New York State, the gravitas of the Indian population is roughly evenly split between New Jersey and New York State.[42][43]

Edison and Iselin
is known as an Indian dining and shopping destination.

Devnagari: स्वामिनारायण अक्षरधाम), inaugurated in 2014 as the world's largest Hindu temple.[52] Sikhs
have established significant concentrations in Queens and Nassau County in New York and in Middlesex, Bergen, and Hudson counties in New Jersey.

In 2014, 12,350 Indians legally immigrated to the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA core based statistical area;[53] in 2013, this number was 10,818;[54] in 2012, 10,550;[55] 11,256 in 2011;[56] and 11,388 in 2010.[57] These numbers do not include the remainder of the New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which immigrants born in India comprised the largest foreign-born nationality, representing approximately 10% of all foreign-born residents in the state.[58]

New York City boroughs

As the

Afghan Americans, and others of South Asian origin who make their home in New York City. Punjab Avenue (ਪੰਜਾਬ ਐਵੇਨਿਊ), or Little Punjab, has emerged in Richmond Hill, Queens
.

Rank Borough Indian Americans Indian Americans per square mile Percentage of Indian Americans in Borough's Population
1 Queens (2014)[61] 144,896 1,326.5 6.2
2 Brooklyn (2012) 25,270 357.9 1.0
3 Manhattan (2012) 24,359 1,060.9 1.5
4 The Bronx (2012) 16,748 398.6 1.2
5 Staten Island (2012) 6,646 113.6 1.4
Total (2014)[59] 227,994 753.4 2.7

Medium and small-sized cities, as of 2021 American Community Survey

New Jersey

U.S. county, respectively, at 3.9%[42] and 14.1%,[62] by 2013 U.S. Census estimates.[63]

Community County Asian Indian % Note
Carteret Middlesex 13.6% As of 2012
Cranbury CDP Middlesex 11.5% As of 2012
Cranbury Township
 Middlesex 10.5% As of 2012
East Windsor Mercer 16.6%
Edison Middlesex 36.2%
Franklin Somerset 14.6%
Fords CDP Middlesex 11.1%
Iselin CDP Middlesex 45.1%
Monroe Township Middlesex 11.6% As of 2016[64] – By 2022, Asian Indians made up 33.3%+ of the township's population.[51]
North Brunswick Middlesex 16.5%
Parsippany-Troy Hills Morris 24.8%
Piscataway Middlesex 18.3%
Plainsboro Township Middlesex 44.7%
Robbinsville CDP Mercer 15.7% As of 2012
Secaucus Hudson 22.9%
South Brunswick Middlesex 22.9%
West Windsor
 Mercer 33.8%
Woodbridge
 Middlesex 16.7%

New York
Community Asian Indian %
Bellerose Terrace 11.8%
Garden City Park 18.4%
Herricks 23.5%
Hicksville 18.7%
Manhasset Hills 28.4%
Searingtown 18.1%

List of Little Indias

One of the most popular overseas branches of Saravanaa Bhavan, the world's largest Indian vegetarian restaurant chain, is located in Edison, Middlesex County, New Jersey.

In New Jersey

Bombay, Jersey City

Little Manila, to Summit Avenue and the Five Corners
neighborhood. After dark, the businesses light flashing signs, and the street crowds continue.

Oak Tree Road (Edison/Iselin)

apparel and electronics retailing, and entertainment.[82][83][84][85] Over 60 Indian and Pakistani restaurants alone are found in the area.[86][87] In Middlesex County, election ballots are printed in Gujarati, Hindi, and Punjabi as well.[88] Edison was, per 2010 American Community Survey census data, 28.3% ethnic Asian Indian population, the highest percentage for any municipality in the United States.[89] According to the 2017 American Community Survey, 42.6% of Iselin residents identified themselves as being Indian American, the highest percentage for any census-designated place in the United States.[90]

In New York

See also: Curry Row
Little India on 74th Street in Jackson Heights, Queens

Culture

Bollywood
.
Robbinsville, Mercer County, New Jersey, inaugurated in 2014 as the world's largest Hindu temple,[52] above.
Sikh Center
in Flushing, Queens

Commerce

Indians have a long history of commerce in the United States. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many Indians in the United States began to focus on tourism as a source of income. Many tribes opened businesses, such as hotels and Indian grocery stores.

small retailers and service providers to large corporations
.

Indian diaspora, with 57 locations in 19 U.S. states—primarily located in the New Jersey/New York Metropolitan Area, due to its large Indian population, and with the East Windsor/Monroe Township, New Jersey
location representing the world's largest and busiest Indian grocery store outside India.

Indian Independence Day Parade

The annual New York City India Day Parade, held on or approximately every August 15 since 1981, is the world's largest

Little India, Edison/Iselin in Middlesex County, New Jersey, annually in August. Governor of New York Kathy Hochul officially declared August 15, 2022 to be India Independence Day in New York; the governor lauded the accomplishments of Indian Americans in a speech that began with "Namaste" and concluded with "Jai Hind".[101]

Sikh Day Visakhi Parade

The world's largest Sikh Day Parade outside India celebrating Vaisakhi and the season of renewal is held in Manhattan annually in April. The parade is widely regarded as being one of the most colourful parades.[102]

Arts, entertainment, and media

In September 2014, approximately 19,000 Indian Americans attended a speech delivered onstage by Indian Prime Minister

portmanteau of Mumbai and Manhattan) is introduced.[107]

News publications in English

Languages

Indians in New York and New Jersey, as in the United States as a whole, are highly fluent in English. However,

Maithili (मैथिली) languages are spoken at home and with local media incorporating these languages available for viewership.[109] In Middlesex County, New Jersey, election ballots are printed in English, Spanish, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, and Punjabi.[88]

Cuisine

Indian cuisine is very popular in the New York City metropolitan region, bolstered by the growth of the Asian Indian populace and accompanied by growth in the number of Indian restaurants, located both within and outside of traditional Indian enclaves; such that within New York City proper alone, there are hundreds of Indian restaurants.

Indian chain restaurants is worthy of their flagships in India; the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood south of Murray Hill, namely Rose Hill, has been nicknamed Curry Hill, and provides an abundance of multinational India-based chains specializing in South Indian cuisine.[110] In 2020, CNN Travel claimed that the best Indian food in the United States could be found in Jersey City's India Square.[111]

In 1968, a family of

Bengali brothers inaugurated the restaurant Shah Bag at 320 East 6th Street in the East Village of Lower Manhattan, followed by others, with the intention of "making an Indian street".[96] In time, this stretch of East 6th Street between First and Second Avenues evolved the nickname Curry Row, with a dense collection of North Indian restaurants
.

By 2000, Indian food had become ubiquitous in the New York metropolitan area, both inside and outside of Little Indias, with dhabas popping up around the metro area. These dhabas would serve a quickly growing niche of Indian quick-service food, with a particular appeal to Indians working in professions such as a trucking, taxi-driving, importing, and garment dealers. Indian was also getting more attention from the mainstream American press, with some of these dhabas getting reviews from outlets such as The New York Times.[112]

Religion

Western hemisphere[113]

Parallelling India's religious constituency, most Indians in the New York City metropolitan region practice

Lord Hanuman statue in the US arrived in Monroe Township in January 2024.[121]

Education

Indians have been attaining school board membership positions on various boards of education in New Jersey and on Long Island.

Deepavali/Diwali, Eid/Ramadan as school holidays

Momentum has been growing to recognize the Hindu holy day Deepavali (Diwali) as a holiday on school district calendars in the New York City metropolitan region.[122][123] New York City announced in October 2022 that Diwali would be an official school holiday commencing in 2023,[124] and this was codified into New York State law in 2023.[125]

Passaic, New Jersey established Diwali as a school holiday in 2005.[122][123] South Brunswick, New Jersey in 2010 became the first of the many school districts with large Indian student populations in Middlesex County in New Jersey to add Diwali to the school calendar.[123] Glen Rock, New Jersey in February 2015 became the first municipality in Bergen County, with its own burgeoning Indian population post-2010,[66][126] to recognize Diwali as an annual school holiday.[127][128]

Efforts have been undertaken in

Star-Ledger, Edison, New Jersey councilman Sudhanshu Prasad has noted parents' engagement in making Deepavali a holiday there; while in Jersey City, the four schools with major Asian Indian populations mark the holiday by inviting parents to the school buildings for festivities.[123] Mahatma Gandhi Elementary School is located in Passaic, New Jersey.[131] Efforts are also progressing toward making Diwali and Eid official holidays at all 24 school districts in Middlesex County.[132] At least 12 school districts on Long Island closed for Diwali in 2022,[133] and over 20 in New Jersey.[134]

In March 2015, New York City

Muslim holy days Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha holidays on the school calendar.[129] School districts in Paterson and South Brunswick, New Jersey observe Ramadan.[123]

Cricket

central New Jersey to accommodate a designated cricket pitch, among other recreational facilities.[135] There are similar facilities available in Mercer County Park in West Windsor.[136] Overall, there are 56 cricket grounds in New Jersey[137] and fields in all five boroughs of New York.[138] In 2023, Monroe Township High School launched the first high school cricket team.[139]

Economic developments

Further information:
Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area

Indian

Bengaluru-based technology services and consulting company Wipro opened its American international headquarters in East Brunswick, Middlesex, County, New Jersey.[144]

Much like other immigrant groups in the US, Indians have established themselves in a variety of different small businesses in the New York area, with South Asians owning 40% of the gas stations in New York City by the early 1990s[145] and also owning many of New York's newsstands by the mid-1980s.[146] South Asians also make up 50% of New York's taxicab drivers,[147] with Indians such as Bhairavi Desai playing a prominent role in organizing cabbies from the 1990s to the present.[148][149]

Airline connections with India and the Indian diaspora

A majority of Indian Americans in the New York region are recent immigrants or children of such from India. In that context, travel between the United States and India has developed strong cultural connections, and, in more recent years, business traffic for expatriates. Air India operates

Changi International Airport in Singapore, where Tamil is one of the official state languages, both from Newark and New York (with two of the longest non-stop flights in the world[151][152]). In May 2019, Delta Air Lines announced non-stop flight service between JFK and Mumbai, to begin on December 22, 2019[153] but suspended the route in March 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[154] American Airlines started operating nonstop service from JFK to Delhi in November 2021.[155]

aircraft landing slots at Newark.[157] In 2023, United Airlines announced it would be doubling its non-stop flight service between Newark and Delhi with two daily non-stop flights beginning in October 2023.[158]

Notable people

Arts and culture

Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Arts and culture

Business

Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Business

Education

Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Education

Entrepreneurship and technology

Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Entrepreneurship and technology

Health

Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Health

Law, politics, and diplomacy

Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Law, Politics, and Diplomacy

Media

Further information: New Yorkers in journalism and Media in New York City
Indian New Yorkers and New Jerseyans – Media

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Laryssa Wirstiuk (April 21, 2014). "Neighborhood Spotlight: Journal Square". Jersey City Independent. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  2. ^ "Supplemental Table 2. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014". Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  3. ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  4. ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  5. ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA Chinese alone". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  8. OL 14030155M
    .
  9. ISBN 978-81-89248-22-2
    .
  10. ISBN 978-81-207-9138-1
    .
  11. ^ "Swami Vivekananda". Vendanta Society of New York. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  12. ^ "A Report on the State of Asian-Americans in New Jersey" (PDF). Jersey Promise. May 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  13. ^ Dizikes, Peter (January 7, 2013). "The hidden history of Bengali Harlem". Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  14. ^ "Bengali Harlem: New York". January 16, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  15. ^
    ISBN 978-1-349-26403-2
    . Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  16. ^ "Roots in the Sand – the Archives". PBS. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  17. ^ "Guyanese Actress Rhona Fox to Host the Indo-Caribbean Alliance Gala". South Florida Caribbean News. August 14, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  18. ^ a b c "The Passage from India" (PDF). Migration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation. June 2, 2002. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  19. JSTOR 41674840
    .
  20. JSTOR 40552828
    .
  21. ^ Newman, Arlene (August 18, 1991). "Festival Reflects Indians' Growth". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  22. ^ Fisher, Maxine (1980). The Indians of New York City: A Study of Immigrants from India. New Delhi: Heritage Publishers.
  23. ^ Howe, Marvine (August 25, 1985). "Rising Rents Threatening 'Little India'". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  24. ProQuest 2302525590
    . Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  25. ^ Das, Arun Kristian (May 24, 2001). "Saris and Spices: The Changing Face of New York". Rediff. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  26. ^ a b c Khandelwal, Madhulika (2002). Becoming American, Being Indian: An Immigrant Community in New York City. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 12–35.
  27. ^ Toy, Vivian (March 17, 2002). "Ever Farther From Queens". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  28. ^ Melwani, Lavina (September 5, 2003). "Hindsvile". Little India. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  29. ^ a b c Chhabra, Aseem (May 28, 2001). "New Jersey is dyed deeper in Indian colours". Rediff. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  30. ^ Louie, Elaine (July 13, 1994). "A Taste of India Via New Jersey". Rediff. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  31. ^ Marriott, Michel (October 12, 1987). "In Jersey City, Indians Protest Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  32. ^ Kaulessar, Ricardo (March 29, 2023). "How Indians in Jersey City fought back against the terror of 'Dotbusters' in the 1980s". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  33. ^ Kaltia, S. Mitra (2005). Suburban Sahibs. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
  34. ^ Kannapell, Andrea (October 19, 1997). "IN PERSON; The Festival Man". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  35. ^ Rojas, Cristina (June 13, 2011). "Asian populations surge in neighboring West Windsor, Plainsboro, Montgomery communities". NJ.com. New Jersey Advance Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  36. ^ Mulvaney, Nicole (March 31, 2014). "West Windsor-Plainsboro school officials conclude Hindi instruction will not yet be offered". NJ.com. New Jersey Advance Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  37. ^ Saad, Iman (June 2, 2014). "Few Jersey local school districts recognize Diwali as a holiday". NJ.com. New Jersey Advance Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  38. ^ Siriwardane, Venuri (March 21, 2010). "Thieves target N.J. Indian-Americans, South Asians for gold jewelry, collections". NJ.com. New Jersey Advance Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  39. ^ Amaral, Brian (November 23, 2014). "After home invasions, questions linger about lack of diversity in Central N.J. police department". NJ.com. New Jersey Advance Media. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  40. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 4, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  41. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original
    on February 14, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  42. ^ a b "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  43. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  44. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  45. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2011–2013 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  46. ^ "Website Disabled" (PDF). 40days.homestead.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  47. ^ Kevin Coyne (June 15, 2008). "Turbans Make Targets, Some Sikhs Find". The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
  48. ^ "These NY, NJ towns are among the safest in the country". pix11.com. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  49. ^ "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  50. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Monroe township, Middlesex County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  51. ^ a b c "Monroe swears in 1st officer of Asian-Indian descent during Asian Pacific American Heritage month". m.youtube.com. Retrieved May 25, 2022.[title missing]
  52. ^ a b Frances Kai-Hwa Wang (July 28, 2014). "World's Largest Hindu Temple Being Built in New Jersey". NBC News. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  53. ^ "Supplemental Table 2. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014". Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  54. ^ "Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013". Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013. Department of Homeland Security. 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  55. ^ "Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2012". Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012. Department of Homeland Security. 2012. Archived from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  56. ^ "Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2011". Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011. Department of Homeland Security. 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  57. ^ "Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2010". Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010. Department of Homeland Security. 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
  58. ^ Erin O'Neill (October 19, 2015). "What's the top country of birth for immigrants in N.J.?". New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  59. ^ a b "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Asian Indian alone – New York City". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
  60. ^ "Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2012 Supplemental Table 2". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  61. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Asian Indian alone – Queens County, New York". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  62. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  63. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 25, 2022.[title missing]
  64. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  65. ^ "The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States – Statistical Atlas".
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Bergen County, New Jersey". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  67. ^ "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  68. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2010–2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  69. ^ a b "American FactFinder – Results". Archived from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  70. ISBN 1-56691-949-5
  71. ^ Courtney, Marian (May 4, 1986). "The Cultures of India Thrive In Jersey City". The New York Times.
  72. ^ "India Square" Archived October 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 25, 2014.
  73. The Union City Reporter
    . pp 1, 8, and 11. Accessed December 25, 2014.
  74. ^ Morrill, Jennifer (August 14, 2011). "City Attracts People From Around the Globe" (PDF). The Jersey Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  75. ^ Rogoza, Rafael (March 30, 2013). "Thousands of colorful revelers partake in 21st Annual Phagwah Parade in Jersey City". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
  76. ^ Matthew Speiser (March 29, 2015). "Colorful Holi Hai festival in Jersey City celebrates rites of spring". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  77. ^ Genovese, Peter (November 16, 2012). "Big business in Little India: Commerce flourishes in vibrant ethnic neighborhood". nj.com.
  78. ^ "Eat Street: Oak Tree Road, Iselin, N.J." SAVEUR. March 31, 2011.
  79. ^ Shaftel, David (March 9, 2017). "Indo-Chinese Food Is Hard to Find, Except in New Jersey". The New York Times.
  80. ^ King, Kate (September 25, 2017). "'Little India' Thrives in Central New Jersey". Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.
  81. ^ Burke, Monte. "How Indo-Americans Created The Ultimate Neighborhood Bank". Forbes.
  82. ^ "Oak Tree Road Edison, Iselin NJ Indian Shopping, Food, Restaurants". www.oaktreeroad.us. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  83. ^ "A One-Day Snacker's Guide to Edison, NJ, One of America's Best Indian Food Destinations". SAVEUR. April 28, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  84. ^ Berger, Joseph (April 27, 2008). "A Place Where Indians, Now New Jerseyans, Thrive". The New York Times. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  85. ^ "Edison Brimming with Indian Culture – Video". Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  86. ^ "Oak Tree Road is a Street of Dreams for Lovers of South Asian Cuisine". New Jersey Monthly. May 1, 2017.
  87. ^ Sietsema, Robert (March 13, 2017). "The Best Indian Food In New York Is Actually in New Jersey". Eater NY.
  88. ^ a b "State of New Jersey Department of State". State of New Jersey. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  89. ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  90. ^ https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US3434470 Archived 2020-02-13 at archive.today Accessed April 28, 2019.
  91. ^ Alan Krawitz. "Hicksville: LI's LITTLE INDIA". Newsday. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  92. ^ Popik, Barry. "Barry Popik". Barrypopik.com. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  93. ^ Kris Ensminger (January 2, 2008). "Good Eating Curry Hill More Than Tandoori". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  94. ^ "New York County, New York QuickLinks". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  95. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 25, 2014. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  96. ^ a b Popik, Barry. "Barry Popik". Barrypopik.com. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  97. ^ a b Karina Cuevas (August 16, 2015). "Thousands celebrate at India Day Parade along Madison Avenue". Metro International. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
  98. ^ a b Arielle Dollinger (October 11, 2016). "For Hindus on Long Island, a New Temple 3 Decades in the Making". The New York Times. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  99. ^ admin (October 4, 2022). "The History of Indian Groceries in the USA in Under 10 Minutes". Kesargrocery.
  100. ^ "New York City (NYC) India Day Parade". The Weissman Center for International Business – Baruch College/City University of New York. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  101. ^ "Leaders like Gandhi, Nehru inspired others about democracy, non-violence: New York State Governor Kathy Hochul". The Indian Express. August 16, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  102. ^ "2022 NYC Sikh, Persian Day Parades: Street Closures, Locations". patch.com. April 22, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  103. ^ Vivian Yee (September 28, 2014). "At Madison Square Garden, Chants, Cheers and Roars for Modi". The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  104. ^ Colin Daileda (September 28, 2014). "India's Prime Minister Gets Glowing Reception at Madison Square Garden". Mashable. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  105. ^ "Upcoming Events". Worldwidepageants.com. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  106. ^ [1] The Economic Times. Accessed February 10, 2022.
  107. ^ Melanie Weir (May 13, 2023). "First Look at Mumbattan in New 'Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse' Trailer". ITM. Retrieved June 3, 2023. Yesterday, however, we got a sneak peek at one of the most interesting promised worlds: Mumbattan, a hybrid of Manhattan and Mumbai, where Pavitr Prabhakar lives.
  108. ^ Alagiakrishnan, K. and Chopra, A., 2001. Health and health care of Asian Indian American elders. Curriculum in ethnogeriatrics: Core curriculum and ethnic specific modules [Internet].
  109. ^ "Indian Movies now running in nj". NOWRUNNING. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  110. ^ a b David Shaftel (December 25, 2014). "Indian Chains in New York, Worthy of Their Flagships". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2014.
  111. ^ Brad Japhe (September 17, 2020). "The best Indian food in the United States? It's in New Jersey". CNN. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  112. ^ Lavina Melwani (November 23, 1999). "Dhabas, New York Style". Rediff. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  113. ^ a b "The Oldest Temple in the Hemisphere? It's In Queens!". Queens Gazette. May 21, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  114. ^ Shivani Vora (October 28, 2016). "In Line for Blessings and Sweets at Hindu Temple Canteen". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  115. ^ Frances Kai-Hwa Wang (July 28, 2014). "World's Largest Hindu Temple Being Built in New Jersey". NBC News. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
  116. ^ Monsy Alvarado (October 24, 2016). "Thousands attend countywide celebration of Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights". NorthJersey.com, part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved October 24, 2016. "This is the first time in Bergen County that all religious organizations and community organizations are participating under this banner, the Indian Heritage Center," said Dinesh Khosla, president and one of the founders of the temple in Mahwah. "Ten families started the temple 20 years ago and we have over 3,000 members now."
  117. ^ [2] Accessed April 3, 2023.
  118. ^ Danielle Parhizkaran, photographer (March 20, 2023). "Photos: Fair Lawn community celebrates Holi". northjersey.com. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  119. ^ "Holi Celebration- Registration CLOSED | Fair Lawn, NJ". www.fairlawn.org. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
  120. ^ "Borough of Fair Lawn's Post". Borough of Fair Lawn, New Jersey. October 24, 2023. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
  121. ^ "Ram Temple 'Pran Pratistha': From London to New Jersey, Indian diaspora celebrates Ayodhya event". The Economic Times. January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  122. ^ a b c Katherine Davis, Religion News Service (February 25, 2014). "Hindus in New Jersey school district want a day off for Diwali". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  123. ^ a b c d e f Eugene Paik (February 5, 2012). "N.J. districts weigh new holiday, Diwali, for school year". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  124. ^ Anna Rahmanan (October 21, 2022). "NYC schools will officially close for Diwali starting 2023". TimeOut New York. Retrieved October 21, 2022. The mayor declared Diwali a public school holiday in New York City beginning next year.
  125. ^ David Lazar (November 14, 2023). "Governor signs bill into law making Diwali a city public school holiday". Spectrum News. Retrieved November 16, 2023. The law mandates all city public schools close on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Indian calendar each year, also known as Diwali.
  126. ^ "ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES – 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  127. ^ Chris Harris (February 24, 2015). "Glen Rock schools to close for Diwali". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  128. ^ Richard De Santa (December 1, 2014). "Glen Rock residents seek Diwali observance at district schools". North Jersey Media Group. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  129. ^ a b Marc Santora and Sharon Otterman (March 4, 2015). "New York City Adds 2 Muslim Holy Days to Public School Calendar". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  130. ^ "Coalition urges NYC Mayor to add Diwali as public school holiday". The Indian Eye.net. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
  131. ^ Matthew Fazelpoor (August 23, 2022). "Passaic City cuts ribbon on $241M educational campus". NJBIZ. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  132. ^ Rajan Zed (August 23, 2022). "All 24 Middlesex County school districts should close on the Diwali holiday". New Jersey Advance Media. Retrieved September 29, 2022. Hindus seek holiday status for Diwali in all 24 school districts of Middlesex County. Rajan Zed is the president of the Universal Society of Hindus. He says establishing a holiday on Diwali in all Middlesex County school districts will be a step in the right direction to meet the religious and spiritual needs of Hindu students, who make up a significant portion of the population in the county.
  133. ^ "12 Long Island School Districts to Close on Diwali in 2022: Hindus Call for Diwali Holiday in all Long Island Schools". Yonkers Tribune. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  134. ^ Erin Vogt (April 29, 2022). "New School Holiday: 23 NJ Districts Have Diwali Off In 2022". New Jersey 101.5. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  135. ^ "Veterans Park Ready for Expansion". The Monroe News. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  136. ^ Buxton, Dave. "Mercer County Park". Mercer County Parks. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
  137. ^ "Cricket League of New Jersey".
  138. ^ "Cricket Fields".
  139. ^ Corey Annan (May 25, 2023). "N.J. high schooler launches historic cricket team, signaling the sport's growth". Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  140. ^ Hugh R. Morley (November 2, 2015). "N.J.'s high costs don't deter Texas manufacturer from Bergen County move". North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  141. ^ "Global Offices – USA". Dr. Reddy's Laboratories. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  142. ^ Hugh R. Morley (October 9, 2015). "Indian baby clothes maker opens Montvale office to target U.S." North Jersey Media Group. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  143. ^ "Aurobindo Pharma India – Contact Details". Aurobindo Pharma India. Archived from the original on March 4, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  144. ^ Brad Wardlow (March 11, 2023). "East Brunswick welcomes international tech firm's Americas HQ to township". mycentraljersey.com. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  145. ^ Donatella Lorch (January 12, 1992). "An Ethnic Road to Riches: The Immigrant Job Specialty". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  146. ^ Martin Gottlieb (January 3, 1986). "Fou South Asian Immigrants Newsstands Fulfill A Dream". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  147. ^ Samira Sadeque (April 23, 2019). "Taxi Drivers Navigate a City Stacked Against Them". The Juggernaut. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  148. ^ Lizzie Widdicombe (April 11, 2011). "The Thin Yellow Line". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  149. ^ Zofeen Maqsood (November 2, 2021). "40% of striking New York taxi drivers are South Asians: Jaslin Kaur, city council candidate". The American Bazaar. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  150. ^ "Time Table". Airindia.in. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  151. ^ Eric Rosen (October 11, 2018). "World's New Longest Flight From Singapore to Newark Launches Today". Forbes. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
  152. ^ David Reid (October 11, 2018). "The world's longest non-stop flight from Singapore to New York has landed". CNBC. Retrieved April 28, 2019.
  153. ^ Alex Gailey (May 1, 2019). "Delta picks New York City over Atlanta for nonstop Mumbai route". Atlanta Business Chronicle. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  154. ^ "Delta Reduces U.S.-Europe Flying, Suspends JFK to Mumbai". March 14, 2020.
  155. ^ Heena Ganotra (November 19, 2021). "Updated List Of Non-Stop Flights Between USA & India". My Tickets To India. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  156. ISSN 0013-0389
    . Retrieved March 22, 2023.
  157. ^ "Vistara secures slots for Newark service". paxex.aero. October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  158. ^ Jim Glab (July 5, 2023). "Routes: SFO loses big route to Asian tech hub". SF Gate. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
  159. ^ Darius Johnson and Catherine E. Shoichet (February 8, 2016). "Sikh actor Waris Ahluwalia: Aeromexico kicked me off flight for wearing turban". CNN. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  160. ^ "Poorna Jagannathan". IMDb. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
  161. ^ Dilworth, Thomas J. (July 6, 2007). "What's Next for Norah Jones?". ABC News. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  162. ^ Melissa Mittelman (October 24, 2016). "JPMorgan Heralds M&A Bonanza as Companies Seek New Ways to Grow". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  163. ^ Jeff Weinstein (April 19, 2017). "AIRBNB RESPONDS TO INDUSTRY PLAN TO REIN IN HOME SHARING". Hotels Magazine. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  164. ^ "A Closer Look at Berkshire Hathaway's Insurance Operations". Insurancejournal.com. March 4, 2015. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  165. ^ Steve Jordon (May 2, 2015). "Meet Ajit Jain, the man in charge of Warren Buffett's profit machine". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
  166. ^ "Dhairya Dand: Blending imagination and reality – Forbes India". Forbes India. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  167. ^ "A curated selection of New York's best events – pulsd". pulsd.com. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  168. ^ "Vikram Joshi – Forbes Business Council Member". forbes.com.
  169. ^ "Health". City of New York. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  170. ^ Zoe Rosenberg (February 26, 2014). "Deepak Chopra Drops $14.5M on Health-Centric Delos Condo". Curbed NY. Retrieved December 25, 2014.
  171. ^ Skylar Woodhouse (April 18, 2023). "Long-Awaited NYC Gateway Tunnel Project Split Into Four Parts to Speed Work". Bloomberg News. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  172. ^ Mike Deak (January 9, 2024). "Montgomery's new mayor blazes the trail for Sikh and Indian American women in New Jersey". my central Jersey - part of the USA TODAY network. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  173. ^ "Janaki Chada Reporter". Politico. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  174. ^ "Anna Kodé". The New York Times. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  175. ^ "Nina Lakhani". The Guardian. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  176. ^ "Sapna Maheshwari – the New York Times". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  177. USA TODAY
    . Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  178. ^ "Anirban Sen". Reuters. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  179. ^ "Priya Shah". SILive.com. Retrieved March 23, 2024.
  180. ^ "Aditi Shrikant lead reporter, Psychology and Relationships". CNBC. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
  181. ^ "Articles by Arya Sundaram". Gothamist. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area&oldid=1218013289"