Indium(III) chloride

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Indium(III) chloride
Indium(III) chloride

Tetrahydrate
Names
Other names
Indium chloride
Indium trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.030.027 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-043-0
RTECS number
  • NL1400000
UNII
UN number 3260
  • InChI=1S/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 checkY
    Key: PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K checkY
  • InChI=1/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
    Key: PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-DFZHHIFOAF
  • Cl[In](Cl)Cl
Properties
InCl3
Molar mass 221.18 g/mol
Appearance white flakes
Density 3.46 g/cm3
Melting point 586 °C (1,087 °F; 859 K)
Boiling point 800 °C (1,470 °F; 1,070 K)
195 g/100 mL, exothermic
Solubility in other solvents
THF, Ethanol
Structure
Monoclinic, mS16
C12/m1, No. 12
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Corrosive
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation mark[1]
Danger[1]
H302, H314[1]
P260, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P405, P501[1]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
0
Safety data sheet (SDS) External SDS
Related compounds
Other anions
 Indium(III) fluoride
Indium(III) bromide
Indium(III) iodide
Other cations
Thallium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Indium(III) chloride is the

Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium.[2] This is one of three known indium chlorides
.

Synthesis and structure

Being a relatively electropositive metal, indium reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride. Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent.[3] A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol-benzene solution.[4]

Like

octahedrally coordinated In(III) centers,[5] a structure akin to that seen in YCl3.[6] In contrast, GaCl3 crystallizes as dimers containing Ga2Cl6.[6] Molten InCl3 conducts electricity,[5] whereas AlCl3 does not as it converts to the molecular dimer, Al2Cl6.[7]

Reactions

InCl3 is a Lewis acid and forms complexes with donor ligands, L, InCl3L, InCl3L2, InCl3L3. For example, with the chloride ion it forms tetrahedral InCl4−, trigonal bipyramidal InCl52−, and octahedral InCl63−.[5]

In diethyl ether solution, InCl3 reacts with lithium hydride, LiH, to form . This unstable compound decomposes below 0 °C,

InH3.[10]

Trimethylindium, InMe3, can be produced by reacting InCl3 in diethyl ether solution either with the Grignard reagent or methyllithium, LiMe. Triethylindium can be prepared in a similar fashion but with the grignard reagent EtMgBr.[11]

InCl3 reacts with indium metal at high temperature to form the lower valent indium chlorides In5Cl9, In2Cl3 and InCl.[5]

Catalyst in chemistry

Indium chloride is a Lewis acid

trans isomer
is 70%. Without the catalyst added, the yield drops to 65% with 50% trans product.

Indium chloride application, reaction product is mixture of cis-trans isomers

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Indium(III) Chloride". American Elements. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
  2. doi:10.1002/047084289X
    .
  3. ^ Indium Trichloride
  4. ISBN 0-471-04542-X
  5. ^
    ISBN 0123526515
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-19-855370-6
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  8. ISBN 0-7514-0103-X
    .
  9. ISBN 3527305084
  10. ISBN 978-0-470-68191-6
  11. ISBN 0471152889
  12. doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-11
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