Indium(III) oxide

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Indium(III) oxide
Names
Other names
indium trioxide, indium sesquioxide
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
100.013.813 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 215-193-9
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2In.3O/q2*+3;3*-2 checkY
    Key: PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/2In.3O/q2*+3;3*-2
    Key: PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYAL
  • [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3]
Properties
In2O3
Molar mass 277.64 g/mol
Appearance yellowish green odorless crystals
Density 7.179 g/cm3
Melting point 1,910 °C (3,470 °F; 2,180 K)
insoluble
Band gap ~3 eV (300 K)
−56.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Cubic, (Bixbyite) cI80
Ia3, No. 206
a = 1.0117(1) nm[1]
16 formula per cell
Hazards
GHS labelling:[2]
GHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H315, H319, H335
P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
0
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Indium(III) oxide (

amphoteric oxide of indium
.

Physical properties

Crystal structure

Amorphous indium oxide is insoluble in water but soluble in acids, whereas crystalline indium oxide is insoluble in both water and acids. The crystalline form exists in two phases, the cubic (bixbyite type)[1] and rhombohedral (corundum type). Both phases have a band gap of about 3 eV.[3][4] The parameters of the cubic phase are listed in the infobox.

The rhombohedral phase is produced at high temperatures and pressures or when using non-equilibrium growth methods.[5] It has a space group R3c No. 167, Pearson symbol hR30, a = 0.5487 nm, b = 0.5487 nm, c = 1.4510 nm, Z = 6 and calculated density 7.31 g/cm3.[6]

Conductivity and magnetism

Thin films of chromium-doped indium oxide (In2−xCrxO3) are a magnetic semiconductor displaying high-temperature ferromagnetism, single-phase crystal structure, and semiconductor behavior with high concentration of charge carriers. It has possible applications in spintronics as a material for spin injectors.[7]

Thin polycrystalline films of indium oxide doped with Zn2+ are highly conductive (conductivity ~105 S/m) and even superconductive at liquid helium temperatures. The superconducting transition temperature Tc depends on the doping and film structure and is below 3.3 K.[8]

Synthesis

Bulk samples can be prepared by heating indium(III) hydroxide or the nitrate, carbonate or sulfate.[9] Thin films of indium oxide can be prepared by

barrier metals") in semiconductors, e.g. to inhibit diffusion between aluminium and silicon.[10]

Field effect transistors were fabricated from those.[11] Indium oxide nanowires can serve as sensitive and specific redox protein sensors.[12] The sol–gel method is another way to prepare nanowires.[citation needed
]

Indium oxide can serve as a

indium trichloride solution, a method useful for manufacture of solar cells.[13]

Reactions

When heated to 700 °C, indium(III) oxide forms In2O, (called indium(I) oxide or indium suboxide), at 2000 °C it decomposes.[9] It is soluble in acids but not in alkali.[9] With ammonia at high temperature indium nitride is formed:[14]

In2O3 + 2 NH3 → 2 InN + 3 H2O

With K2O and indium metal the compound K5InO4 containing tetrahedral InO45− ions was prepared.[15] Reacting with a range of metal trioxides produces perovskites[16] for example:

In2O3 + Cr2O3 → 2InCrO3

Applications

Indium oxide is used in some types of batteries,

tin dioxide, indium oxide forms indium tin oxide
(also called tin doped indium oxide or ITO), a material used for transparent conductive coatings.

In semiconductors, indium oxide can be used as an

In

stain
formulations.

See also

References

  1. ^ .
  2. ^ "Indium oxide". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  3. PMID 18518246. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2016-11-25.
  4. S2CID 53118924. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2019-12-31.
  5. . Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  6. .
  7. .
  8. .
  9. ^ .
  10. doi:10.1063/1.100541.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  11. .
  12. ^ "Applying Indium Oxide Nanowires as Sensitive and Specific Redox Protein Sensors". Foresight Nanotech Institute. Archived from the original on 2008-08-08. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  13. ^ Feng, Tom and Ghosh, Amal K. (1984) "Method for forming indium oxide/n-silicon heterojunction solar cells" U.S. patent 4,436,765
  14. .
  15. .
  16. ^ "In2O3 (Indium Oxide)". CeramicMaterials.info. Archived from the original on 2008-06-30. Retrieved 2008-10-29.