Indonesia–Russia relations
Indonesia |
Russia |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Indonesian Embassy, Moscow | Russian Embassy, Jakarta |
Indonesia–Russia relations are the
According to a 2018 Pew Research Center poll, 46% of Indonesians have a favourable view of Russia, with 31% expressing an unfavourable view.[1]
History
Colonial era
In the 19th century, Imperial Russian maritime expeditions started visiting the archipelago. In 1806, two sailing-ships, the Nadezhda and the Neva, under Ivan Krusenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky, engaged in the first Russian circumnavigation of the earth, and approached the shores of Indonesia.[citation needed]
The fact that Russia paid much attention to maintaining contacts with the Indonesians was confirmed by the establishment, in 1894, of the first Russian full-time consulate in
Soviet era
Indonesia |
Soviet Union |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Indonesian Embassy, Moscow | Soviet Embassy, Jakarta |
The
.Early in the
The Soviet Union helped Indonesia build the Friendship Hospital {id} and the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, as well as transport and industrial infrastructure facilities that are in operation to this day. Great strides were made in military-technical cooperation.[2]
When Sukarno was
President Suharto visited the Soviet Union for the first time in 1989,[5] coinciding with events leading to the fall of communism in Europe.
The USSR under Mikhail Gorbachev began to develop closer ties with Indonesia alongside other Southeast Asian countries[citation needed], and relations continued to improve since the formation of the modern-day Russian Federation.
Modern Russia
Under Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin, relations were generally stable and continued to the presenting for Fully Mutual cooperation to understanding between two countries to forging the Special relationship from the Presidency of Megawati Sukarnoputri until the present.[6] In 2000, Indonesia-Russia cooperation relations entered a new phase and experienced in a significant increase. President Abdurrahman Wahid, President Megawati Soekarnoputri, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and President Joko Widodo discussed cooperation between the two countries. In political field, the first meeting since the reform era in Indonesia and the Russian Federation era was carried out by President Abdurrahman Wahid and President Vladimir Putin, there was not much discussion produced. Meanwhile, Megawati Soekarnoputri in 2001 began to stretch Indonesia–Russia relations. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono discussed the follow-up in the purchase of Russian warplanes. President Joko Widodo and Russian President Vladimir Putin held limited meetings.[7]
During the Russo-Ukrainian War
Although several Indonesian officials have condemned Russia's ongoing
On 3 June 2023, Indonesia's defense minister
Military cooperation
Russia is a major arms supplier to Indonesia. Russian arms exports to Indonesia include the Sukhoi Su-30, Sukhoi Su-27, Mil Mi-35, BMP-3, and Mil Mi-17. Currently, Indonesian Marine Corps operated 54 BMP-3F & 1 BREM-L currently in service (17 BMP-3F arrived in 2010 and another 37 BMP-3F & 1 BREM-L were received in 2014).[12][13] Another 22 BMP-3F were ordered in 2019 along with 21 BT-3Fs.[14]
In 2004, Indonesia bought US$1 billion worth of yet unspecified Russian weapons within the next 15 years. More immediate are Indonesia's plans to purchase heavy armaments at a total value of US$850 million. This package is to include ten
In late 2007, Indonesia purchased military weapons from Russia with long term payment. Indonesian airlines also were considering purchasing the
In 2014, Russia offered the
According to the
In December 2020, Indonesian Navy and Russian Navy conducted a joint naval exercise of Passex (Passing Exercise) Rusindo-20. The exercise took place in the Java Sea on Thursday, 17 December 2020. Indonesian Navy sent 3 ships (KRI Karel Satsuitubun, KRI Diponegoro, and KRI Tombak), while the Russian Navy sent 3 ships (Varyag, Admiral Panteleyev, and Pechenga). The exercise conducted several drills such as Maneuver Exercise, RAS approach, Flaghoist, Flashex, and Passing Exercise.[26]
Economic cooperation
In 2012, the value of Indonesian imports from Russia amounted to US$2.5 billion, and Indonesia's export value to Russia amounted to US$867.3 million, until 2016 the value of Indonesian imports from Russia was US$850.6 million, and Indonesia's export value to Russia was US$1.3 billion. There was a tendency to decrease the value of Russian imports to Indonesia, and the export value of Indonesia to Russia has increased.[7]
Based on Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia in 2017, Indonesia and Russia recorded a 19.7 percent increase in bilateral trade to $2.5 billion, with around 40 percent of Indonesian exports to Russia being palm oil products. Indonesia has been a particularly tough nut to crack for Russia, with bilateral trade in 2017 at a mere US$3.2 billion, with US$2.4 billion being Indonesian exports. Russian companies have been aiming to build an oil refinery, a power plant and a railway, but each high-level dialogue seems to produce more memoranda and not much actual building. Russian entrepreneurs Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) look enthusiastic to conduct trade contacts with partners in Indonesia. They were invited to invest in Indonesia, particularly in the field of agroindustry, fisheries, manufacturing, handicraft and infrastructure. While in the field of trade Indonesia government was offering of Indonesian superior products, among others: crude palm oil, coffee, tea, cocoa, vanilla, furniture, and garments.[15]
Indonesia is one of Russia's investment destinations, such as investing in the construction of an oil refinery worth US$16 billion in Tuban.[citation needed]
Indonesia has also become one of the top destinations for Russian tourists. Based on data from the
In the economic sector, the two countries are committed to advancing strategic investment and development projects in various sectors such as infrastructure, energy and transportation, which involve business, regional and people relations in both countries. The Indonesia-Russia Business Forum agreed on 13 economic cooperation in the fields of trade and investment as an effort to strengthen ties between the two countries. In the forum initiated by the Indonesian government in Moscow, it was noted that the cooperation with the highest score was achieved by PT Asia Starch International and PT Dredolf Indonesia worth US$1.10 billion.[28]
Facing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia and Russia agreed to strengthen their joint commitment to increasing economic cooperation in the fields of trade, investment and industry. This agreement was reached by the two countries at the 4th Meeting of Indonesian – Russian Working Group on Trade, Investment and Industry (WGTII). The 4th Meeting of WGTII discussed various issues, opportunities and breakthroughs to reduce barriers to export / import trade; exploring cooperation in developing strategic industries and handling COVID-19, including cooperation on vaccines; and encouraging increased participation of the business and private sectors in investment projects between the two countries. Indonesia and Russia also agreed to provide support for the settlement of Joint Feasibility Study Group (JFSG) between Indonesia Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) nations as an effort to establish free trade agreement between Indonesia with the members of the EAEU.[29]
See also
- Foreign relations of Indonesia
- Foreign relations of Russia
- List of ambassadors of Russia to Indonesia
References
- ^ "Image of Putin, Russia Suffers Internationally". Pew Research Center. December 6, 2018.
- ^ a b "Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov's article titled "Russia and Indonesia: 70 years of fruitful cooperation" published in the Indonesian national newspaper Kompas, February 2, 2020". www.mid.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
- ^ "Russia's arms exports to Indonesia top $2.5 bln over 25 years". Tass. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
- ISSN 0011-3530.
- ^ "Indonesia's Suharto to visit Moscow". UPI. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
- ^ Lekic, Slobodan (April 14, 2003). "Indonesia Turns to Russia for Weaponry". Beaumont Enterprise. Associated Press. Retrieved 2024-03-16.
- ^ ISSN 1306-3057.
- ^ "Indonesia is a fence sitter on the Russia–Ukraine crisis". 20 April 2022.
- ^ McBeth, John (8 June 2023). "No takers for Prabowo's offbeat Ukraine peace plan". Asia Times.
- ^ "Indonesia proposes demilitarised zone, UN referendum for Ukraine peace plan". Reuters. 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Ukraine dismisses 'strange' Indonesian peace plan". The Jakarta Post. 4 June 2023.
- ^ "37 Unit Tank Amfibi BMP-3F Lengkapi Koleksi Korps Marinir - JPNN.com". 2014-12-01. Archived from the original on 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Badan Sarana Pertahanan Kemhan RI". www.kemhan.go.id. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Indonesia buys BT-3F and BMP-3F armored vehicles from Russia". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ a b Manurung, Hendra (30 May 2018). "Indonesia And Russia Relations In Response With Changing Strategic Environment". Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri Dan Hubungan Internasional. 9 (1). DPR RI: 59–72. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ "Indonesia Predicts Slow Probe of Crashed Russian Jetliner". Retrieved 16 May 2006.
- ^ "Kemhan Akan Ganti F-5 dengan Sukhoi SU-35". 2017-08-07. Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Indonesia to barter coffee, CPO for Russian jet fighters - Business - The Jakarta Post". 2017-08-04. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ Waldron, Greg (2017-08-23). "Value of Indonesian Su-35 buy pegged at $1.14 billion". Flight Global. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Indonesia signals progress in deal to procure Su-35s". Jane's 360. 2019-06-08. Archived from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Proyek Pembelian Sukhoi Su-35 Masih Lanjut". Archived from the original on 2021-01-31.
- ^ "Russian strategic bombers fly patrol mission from Indonesia". Fox News. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ "Russia and Indonesia hold military exercise in Papua". Radio New Zealand. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ "Russian military personnel arrive in Biak for navigation exercises". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ Yeo, Mike (2017-12-06). "Indonesia calls Russian bombers visit part of navigation exercise". Defense News. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
- ^ "Tiga KRI Dan Tiga Kapal Perang Rusia Terlibat Latihan Passex Rusindo-20". tni.mil.id.
- ^ "Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Moskow, Merangkap Republik Belarus – Federasi Rusia". Kementerian Luar Negeri Repulik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
- ^ "Forum Bisnis Indonesia - Rusia Sepakati 13 Kerja Sama Ekonomi".
- ^ "Hadapi Dampak Pandemi Covid19 Indonesia Dan Rusia Sepakat Tingkatkan Kerja Sama Ekonomi Di Bidang Perdagangan Investasi Dan Industri Untuk Pemulihan Ekonomi". kemlu.go.id. Retrieved 2021-01-26.